Abstract
The world energy map is changing and global competition for oil and natural gas is increasingly more aggressive. As demand grows, oil and natural gas become obvious strategic commodities susceptible to being used for geopolitical leverage. Potential confrontations over oil and gas supplies and transportation networks once again have developed into geopolitical flashpoints. At the same time, energy security has emerged as an important factor, but its traditional focus on procurement and market stability has been bolstered by politics and strategic calculations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Altmann, Josette (2008) ‘ALBA: un proyecto alternative para América Latina?’, Madrid, Real Instituto Elcano, 17 April.
Arreaza, Teresa (2004) ‘ALBA: Bolivarian Alternative for Latin America and the Caribbean’, Venezuelaanalysis.com, 30 January, http://www.venezuelanalysis. com/analysis/339, accessed on 21 May 2008.
Arriagada, Genaro (2006) ‘Petropolitics in Latin America: A Review of Energy Policy and Regional Relations’, Inter-American Dialogue, Andean Group Working Paper, December, http://www.thedialogue.org/publications/2006/winter/ arriagada.pdf, accessed on 21 May 2008.
BBC Caribbean (2006) ‘Trinidad Warns against Chávez Deal’, 6 January.
Bryan, Anthony T. (2007) ‘Trinidad and Tobago’ in Sidney Weintraub (ed.) Energy Cooperation in the Western Hemisphere: Benefits and Impediments (Washington, DC: CSIS Press): 366–404.
Bryan, Anthony T. and Roget V. Bryan (1999) The New Face of Regionalism in the Caribbean: The Western Hemisphere Dynamic, North South Agenda Papers 35 (Coral Gables, FL: The University of Miami).
Carrington, Edwin (2008) ‘Remarks by His Excellency Edwin W. Carrington, Secretary-General, Caribbean Community, on the Occasion of the Opening of the Eleventh Meeting of the Council for Foreign and Community Relations (COFCOR), 7 May 2008, St John’s, Antigua and Barbuda’, Caricom Press Release 121/2008, 08 May.
CNN (2007) ‘Venezuelan Leader Chávez presides over oil summit in Cuba’, 22 December, http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/americas/12/21/cuba. petroleum.summit.ap/index.html
EIU (2008) ‘Venezuelan Politics: Power pursues power’, Economist Intelligence Unit Country Briefing, 14 August.
ENERGY Caribbean (2007a) ‘Petrotrin Fighting Venezuelan Onslaught’,ENERGY Caribbean Yearbook, 2007–08 (Port of Spain, Trinidad: MEP Publishers):12–13.
ENERGY Caribbean (2007b) ‘Is an energy plan for the Caribbean still relevant?’,ENERGY Caribbean Yearbook, 2007–08 (Port of Spain, Trinidad: MEP Publishers): 6.
Energy Information Agency (2008) Venezuela Energy Profile, 16 May, http://tonto.eia. doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=VE, accessed on 20 May 2008.
Girvan, Norman (2008) ‘Alba, PetroCaribe and Caricom: Issues in a New Dynamic’, 29 May, http://www.normangirvan.info/alba-petrocaribe-and-caricom-issues-in-a-new-dynamic-by-norman-girvan/ accessed on 26 August 2008.
Grenade, Wendy (2005) ‘An overview of regional governance arrangements within the Caribbean Community (Caricom)’, in Joaquin Roy and Roberto Dominguez (eds), The European Union and Regional Integration: A Comparative Per spective and Lessons for the Americas (Miami: University of Miami/Jean Monnet Chair): 167–83.
Hutchinson Jafar, Linda, (2008) ‘Venezuela pushes Trinidad out of Caribbean oil market’, Reuters, 4 August, http://www.reuters.com/article/GCA-Oil/idUSN 0134094520080804, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Jamaica Gleaner (2008) ‘Petrocaribe debt reaches $33b: State to lend out $12b more from fund this year’, 16 April.
Jamaica Observer (2008) ‘Jamaica port authority turns to PetroCaribe for financial assistance’, 13 August.
Kozloff, Nikolas (2005) ‘Venezuela’s Chávez: Oil is a Geopolitical Weapon’, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, 28 March.
Lewis, Vaughn A. (2008a) ’What purposes for Caribbean integration today?’, Paper presented at the Third Sir Arthur Lewis Lecture, University of the West Indies, St Augustine’s 2008 Nobel Laureate Celebrations, 15 April.
Lewis, Vaughn A. (2008b) ‘Political leadership and Caribbean integration’, 4 June, Mss.
Mander, Benedict (2008) ‘Chávez widens cheap oil finance network’, Financial Times, 21 July, http://www.ft.com/cros/s/0/e3f5e5d0–5766–11dd-916c-000077b07658.html, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Newsday (2008) ‘TT backs Caricom neighbors’, 16 March.
Payne, Anthony (2007) The Political History of CARICOM (Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers).
PetroleumWorld.com (2005) Full text of ‘PetroCaribe Agreement, 2005’, 10 July, http://www.petroleumworldtt.com/storytt05071002.htm, accessed on 26 August 2008.
Richards, Peter (2008) ‘Is ALBA more than a storm in a teacup?’, Caribbean 360.com, 4 March.
West Indian Commission (1992) Time for Action, Black Rock, Barbados.
WOLA (2007) ‘Venezuela after the Re-election of Hugo Chávez: Political Dynamics and Policy Challenges’, Washington Office on Latin America (WOLA) Conference Report , July.
Wood, Anthony (2005) ‘The Case against PetroCaribe’, Statement by the Minister of Energy, Barbados Nation, 18 September.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2009 Anthony T. Bryan
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bryan, A.T. (2009). PetroCaribe and CARICOM: Venezuela’s Resource Diplomacy and its Impact on Small State Regional Cooperation. In: Cooper, A.F., Shaw, T.M. (eds) The Diplomacies of Small States. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230246911_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230246911_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-36563-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-24691-1
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)