Skip to main content

National or European Social Models? Contesting European Welfare Futures

  • Chapter
Book cover The European Union and World Politics

Abstract

This chapter looks at the changing nature of’ social Europe’, analysing Europe’s social models and their relationship with the Lisbon agenda of ‘competitive Europe’ within the European political economy. The discursive framing of the interactions between domestic welfare politics and European economic governance is situated in relation to the ‘European social model’ (ESM). For policy elites within the EU, the ESM was a crucial and ‘central organising concept’ throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s.1 It continues to play a significant role in the 21st century, first within the Lisbon process and more recently in the context of ‘Lisbon II’. Yet the ESM, a convenient organising concept that encompasses (perhaps conceals) a forbiddingly complex reality, continues to defy clear definition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes and References

  1. D. Wincott, ‘The Idea of the European Social Model: Limits and Paradoxes of Europeanisation’, in K. Featherstone and C. M. Radaelli (eds), The Politics of Europeanisation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, 295.

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. Blair, Speech to the European Parliament, 23 June 2005, available at www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page7714.asp; G. Brown, Global Europe: Full Employment Europe, London: HM Treasury, 2005

    Google Scholar 

  3. R. Taylor ‘Mr Blair’s Business Model — Capital and Labour in Flexible Markets]’, in A. Seldon and D. Kavanagh (eds), The Blair Effect, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, 184–206.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Wincott, op. cit., 297.

    Google Scholar 

  5. A. Martin and G. Ross, ‘Introduction: EMU and the European Social Model’, in G. Ross and A. Martin (eds), Euros and Europeans: European Integration and the European Model of Society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 11.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. G Esping-Andersen, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge: Polity, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  7. L. Scruggs, ‘The Generosity ol Social Insurance, 1971–2002’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 22 (3), 2006, 349–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. P. Pierson (ed.), The New Politics of the Welfare State, Oxlord: Oxlord University Press, 2001; A. Hemerijck and M. Ferrera, ‘Wellare Reform in the shadow ol EMU’, in Ross and Martin, op. cit., 248–77

    Book  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Ferrera, A. Hermerijck and M. Rhodes, The Future of Social Europe, Oeiras: Celta Editoria, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  10. M. Daly, ‘EU Social Policy alter Lisbon’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 44 (3), 2006, 468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. C. Annesley, ‘Americanised and Europeanised: UK Social Policy since 1997’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 5 (2), 2003, 150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Ferrera, The Boundaries of Welfare: European Integration and the New Spatial Politics of Social Protection, Oxlord: Oxlord University Press, 2005, 221.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  13. Ibid., 8.

    Google Scholar 

  14. K. Featherstone, ‘The Political Dynamics ol External Empowerment: the Emergence ol EMU and the Challenge to the European Social Model’, in Ross and Martin, op. cit., 226.

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. Martin, ‘The EMU Macroeconomic Policy Regime and the European Social Model’ in Ross and Martin, op. cit., 20–49.

    Google Scholar 

  16. A. Sbragia,’ shaping a Polity in an Economic and Monetary Union: the EU in Comparative Perspective’, in Ross and Martin, op. cit., 51–75.

    Google Scholar 

  17. See B. Clilt, ‘The New Political Economy ol Dirigisme: French Macroeconomic Policy, Unrepentant Sinning, and the Stability and Growth Pact’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 8 (3), 2006, 388–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Daly, op. cit.; A. Sapir ‘Globalisation and the Reform ol European Social Models’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 44 (2), 2006, 369–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hemerijck and Ferrera, op. cit.; M. Smith, States of Liberalization, New York: SUNY Press, 2005; Featherstone, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Featherstone, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Wincott op. cit., 283; Daly, op. cit., 466.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Daly, op. cit., 466.

    Google Scholar 

  23. J. Campbell, Institutional Change and Globalization, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004, 65.

    Google Scholar 

  24. C. Hay, ‘Common Trajectories, Variable Paces, Divergent Outcomes? Models ol European Capitalism under Conditions ol Complex Economic Interdependence’, Review of International Political Economy, 11 (2), 2004, 231–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. C. Annesley, ‘Lisbon and Social Europe: Towards a European “Adult Worker Model” Wellare System’, Journal of European Social Policy, 17 (3), 2007, 195–205; Wincott, op. cit.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Daly, op. cit., 478; Sapir, op. cit., 386.

    Google Scholar 

  27. C. Radaelli, The Open Method of Co-Ordination: a New Governance Architecture for the European Union?, Stockholm: Swedish Institute for Policy Studies, 2003, 32.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wincott, op. cit., 297.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Ibid., 300.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ibid., 297.

    Google Scholar 

  31. J. Delors, Our Europe?, London: Verso, 1992, 157–8.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Wincott, op. cit., 288.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Daly, op. cit.; Annesley, op. cit., 195–6.

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. Keune and M. Jepsen, Not Balanced and Hardly New: the European Commission’s Quest for Flexicurity, European Trade Union Institute for Research, Education and Health and Safety (ETUI-REHS), Working Paper 2007.01, 2007, at: http://etui-r ehs. org/research/publications

    Google Scholar 

  35. J. Hopkin and D. Wincott, ‘New Labour, Economic Reform, and the European Social Model’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 8 (1), 2006, 50–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Blair, op. cit., fn 2; contrast with HM Treasury, European Economic Reform: Meeting the Challenge, London: HMSO, 2001, 20; Taylor, op. cit., 200–1.

    Google Scholar 

  37. O. Blanchard, ‘European Unemployment: The Evolution of Facts and Ideas’, Economic Policy, January 2006, 5–59, 45.

    Google Scholar 

  38. C. Hay, ‘What’s Globalisation Got To Do With It? Economic Interdependence and the Future of European Welfare States’, Government and pposition, 1, 2006, 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Hemerijck and Fenera, op. cit., 252.

    Google Scholar 

  40. For a discussion and critique, see H. Schwartz, ‘Round Up the Usual Suspects! Globalisation, Domestic Politics, and Welfare State Change’, in P. Pierson (ed.), The New Politics of Welfare, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, 17–44.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  41. Scruggs, op. cit., 349.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Hay, op. cit.; D. Swank, Global Capital, Political Institutions, and Policy Change in Developed Welfare States, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  43. Hay, op. cit., 9–13; Sapir, op. cit.; P. Palier, ‘A Long Goodbye to Bismarck?’, Seminar at the CEVIPOF, Science Policy, Paris, March 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Scruggs, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Ibid., 349–50.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Ibid., 352; Esping Andersen, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Scruggs, op. cit., 355.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Ibid., 362.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  50. See, for example, Hemerijck and Fenera, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  51. J. Gaffney, France and Modernisation, Aldershot: Avebury, 1988, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Blanchard op. cit.; Hopkin and Wincott, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  53. See P. Pierson, Dismantling the Welfare State?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  54. See M. Ryner, ‘swedish Employment Policy after EU-M ember ship’, Osterreichische Zeischrift fur Politikwissenschaft, 29 (3), 2000, 341–5

    Google Scholar 

  55. and M. Ryner, Capitalist Restructuring, Globalisation and the Third Way: Lessons from the Swedish Model, London: Routledge, 2002, 150–3.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Martin, op. cit., 24.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Blanchard, op. cit., 21–3.

    Google Scholar 

  58. OECD, The OECD fobs Study, Paris: OECD, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  59. M. Dostal ‘Campaigning on Expertise: How the OECD Framed EU Wellare and Labour Market Policies — and Why Success Could Trigger Failure’, Journal of European Public Policy, 11 (3), 2004, 440–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Blanchard, op. cit., 26.

    Google Scholar 

  61. R. Layard, S. Nickell and R. Jackman, Unemployment: Macroeconomic Performance and the Labour Market, Oxlord: Oxlord University Press, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Martin, op. cit., 24–7.

    Google Scholar 

  63. B. Clilt and J. Tomlinson, ‘Credible Keynesianism?: New Labour Macroeconomic Policy and the Political Economy ol Coarse Tuning’, British Journal of Political Science, 37 (1), 2007, 47–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. For a critique, see Hopkin and Wincott, op. cit, 53–5 and Taylor, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  65. W. Munchau, ‘Commentary on European Unemployment: the Evolution ol Facts and Ideas’, Economic Policy, January 2006, 55–9.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Sapir, op. cit., 385–6.

    Google Scholar 

  67. S. Nickell and R. Layard, ‘Labour Market Institutions and Economic Performance’, in O. Ashenlelter and D. Card (eds), Handbook of Labour Economics, Amsterdam: North Holland, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Blanchard, op. cit., 30–1.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Martin, op. cit., 40.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Taylor, op. cit., 198.

    Google Scholar 

  71. G. Ross and A. Martin, ‘Conclusions’, in G. Ross and A. Martin (eds), Euros and Europeans: European Integration and the European Model of Society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 310.

    Google Scholar 

  72. J. Pisani-Feny, ‘Only One Bed lor Two Dreams: A Critical Retrospective on the Debate over the Economic Governance ol the Euro Area’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 44 (4), 2006, 823–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Martin, op. cit., 32–41; L. Ball, ‘Aggregate Demand and Long-Run Unemployment’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, 1999, 189–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Blanchard, op. cit., 47.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Pisani-Feny, op. cit.; P. Lamy and J. Pisani-Ferry, ‘The Europe We Want’, in L. Jospin, My Vision of Europe and Globalization, London: Policy Network/Polity, 2002, 109–16; Martin, op. cit. 29.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Ball, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  77. OECD, Employment Outlook. Boosting fobs and Income, Paris: OECD, 2006, 96–100

    Google Scholar 

  78. OECD, Main Economic Indicators, March 2007, Paris: OECD, 2007, 6.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Hopkin and Wincott op. cit., 51.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Annesley, op. cit.; G. Bonoli, V. George and P. Taylor-Gooby, European Welfare Futures: Towards a Theory of Retrenchment, Cambridge: Polity, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  81. F. Vandenbroucke, ‘Foreword’, in G. Esping-Andersen, with D. Gallie, A. Hemerijck and J. Myles, Why We Need a New Welfare State, Oxlord: Oxlord University Press, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  82. J. Campbell and O. Pedersen, ‘The Varieties ol Capitalism and Hybrid Success: Denmark in the Global Economy’, Comparative Political Studies, 40 (3), 2007, 307–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. J. Clasen and D. Clegg, ‘Unemployment Protection and Labour Market Reform in France and Great Britain in the 1990s: Solidarity versus Activation?’, Journal of Social Policy, 32 (3), 2003, 361–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. C. Green-Pedersen, K. van Kersbergen and A. Hemerijck, ‘Neo-liberalism, the “Third Way” or What? Recent Social Democratic Welfare Policies in Denmark and the Netherlands’, Journal of European Public Policy, 8 (2), 2001, 307–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. M. Costa Lobo and P. Magalhaes, ‘The Portuguese Socialists and the Third Way’, in G. Bonoli and M. Powell (eds), Social Democratic Party Policies in Europe, London: Routledge, 2004, 91–3.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  87. W. Streeck, ‘Competitive Solidarity: Rethinking the “European Social Model”’, MPIfG Working Paper 99/8, September 1999, at: wwwmpi-fg-koeln.mpg.de/pu/workpap/wp99-8/wp99-8.html

    Google Scholar 

  88. M. Rhodes, ‘The Political Economy of Social Pacts: “Competitive Corporatism” and European Welfare States’, in Pierson op. cit., 165–98.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Annesley, op. cit.; F. Vandenbroucke, ‘European Social Democracy and the Third Way: Convergence, Divisions, and Shared Questions’, in S. White (ed.), New Labour and the Future of Progressive Politics, London: Macmillan, 2001; Vandenbroucke, ‘Foreword’, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Daly, op. cit., 470.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Ibid., 469.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Esping-Andersen, Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Keune andjepsen, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  94. B. Rosamond, ‘Imagining the European Economy: “Competitiveness” and the Social Construction of “Europe” as an Economic Space’, New Political Economy, 7 (2), 2002, 158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Keune and Jepsen, op. cit., 10; B. Casey and M. Gold. ‘Peer Review of Labour Market Programmes in the European Union: What Can Countries Really Learn from One Another’?, Journal of European Public Policy, 21 (1), 2005, 23–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Rosamond, op. cit., 158.

    Google Scholar 

  97. See, for example, CEC, Employment in Europe 2004, Luxembourg: CEC, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Keune andjepsen, op. cit., 8.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Ibid., 12.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Ibid, 7.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Ibid., 9.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Ibid., 12.

    Google Scholar 

  103. CEC, Employment in Europe 2004, op. cit., 159.

    Google Scholar 

  104. CEC, Proposal for a Council Decision. Guidelines for Employment Policies of the Member States (presented by the Commission) COM (2006) 32, Brussels, 25 January 2006, 39; Keune andjepsen, op. cit., 12–13.

    Google Scholar 

  105. CEC, Proposal for a Council Decision, op. cit., 31; Keune andjepsen, op. cit., 13.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Keune andjepsen, op. cit., 15.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Scruggs, op. cit., 354, Table 1.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Campbell and Pedersen, op. cit., 316–9.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Keune andjepsen, op. cit., 15.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Daly, op. cit., 466.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Martin and Ross, ‘Introduction’, op. cit., 17.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Ibid., 16; Featherstone, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Scruggs, op. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Hopkin and Wincott, op. cit., 59–61, 65.

    Google Scholar 

  115. P. Clarke, A Question of Leadership: Gladstone to Thatcher, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1991, 317.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2009 Ben Clift

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Clift, B. (2009). National or European Social Models? Contesting European Welfare Futures. In: Gamble, A., Lane, D. (eds) The European Union and World Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230246188_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics