Abstract
It is a well-established fact that during the past four centuries, the English language has spread around the world, and that as a result, it is used for a wide range of purposes by many millions of people for whom it is not a mother tongue in the traditional sense of the term. This means that there are more English users nowadays in the Outer Circle (i.e. in the countries colonized by the British in the ‘second diaspora’, see B. Kachru 1992) than there are English users in the Inner Circle (i.e. in Britain and the mother tongue English countries colonized by the British in the ‘first diaspora’). English in the individual countries of the Outer Circle, meanwhile, has become Englishes: nativized varieties of English each with its own flavour and characteristics appropriate to its speakers’ local social and professional uses and to local institutionalized functions. Thus, we can talk of Indian English, Malaysian English, Singapore English, Nigerian English, and so on.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Björkman, B. 2008. ‘So where are we? Spoken lingua franca English at a technical university in Sweden.’ English Today 24(2), 35–41.
Breiteneder, A. 2005. ‘The naturalness of English as a European lingua franca: the case of third person -s.’ Vienna English Working Papers 14(2), 3–26.
Cogo, A. 2007. ‘Intercultural communication in English as a Lingua Franca: a case study.’ Unpublished doctoral thesis, King’s College London.
Cogo, A. and M. Dewey. 2006. ‘Efficiency in ELF communication: from pragmatic motives to lexico-grammatical innovation.’ Nordic Journal of English Studies 5(2), 59–93.
Deterding, D. and A. Kirkpatrick. 2006. ‘Emerging South-East Asian Asian Englishes and intelligibility.’ World Englishes 25(3), 391–409.
Dewey, M. 2007. ‘English as a Lingua Franca: an empirical study of innovation in lexis and grammar.’ Unpublished doctoral thesis, King’s College London.
Honna N. 2008. ‘Challenging issues in English Language teaching in Japan: for self-expressive activities.’ Paper given at ‘The Respective Roles of English and Local Languages in the School Curriculum’, the Inaugural Roundtable of the Research Centre into Language Education in Multilingual Societies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong, 21 June 2008.
Honna N. and Y. Takeshita. 1998. ‘On Japan’s propensity for native speaker English: a change in sight.’ Asian Englishes 1(1), 117–37.
House, J. 2003. ‘English as a lingua franca: a threat to multilingualism?’ Journal of Sociolinguistics 7(4), 556–78.
Hülmbauer, C. 2007. ‘The relationship between lexicogrammatical correctness and communicative effectiveness in English as a lingua franca.’ Vienna English Working Papers 16(2), 3–35.
Jenkins, J. 2000. The Phonology of English as an International Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
—. 2006. ‘Points of view and blind spots: ELF and SLA.’ International Journal of Applied Linguistics 16(2), 137–62.
—. 2007. English as a Lingua Franca: Attitude and Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
—. 2009. World Englishes. A Resource Book for Students 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
Kachru, B. B. 1992. ‘Teaching World Englishes.’ In B. B. Kachru (ed.) 1992 The Other Tongue. English across Cultures. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 355–65.
Kiyoi, M. 1995. ‘Dear English speakers, please drop the dialects.’ International Herald Tribune, 3 November, and English Today 15(2), 55.
Klimpfinger, T. 2007. ‘“Mind you, sometimes you have to mix” — The role of code-switching in English as a lingua franca.’ Vienna English Working Papers 16(2), 36–61.
Mauranen, A. 2003. ‘The corpus of English as a Lingua Franca in academic settings.’ TESOL Quarterly 37(3), 513–27.
Mufwene, S. 2001. The Ecology of Language Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
—. 2008. ‘“Global English” vs “English as a Global Language”’. Plenary address at the JACET 47th Annual Convention, Waseda University, Tokyo, 11–13 September 2008.
Phillipson, R. 2003. English-Only Europe? Challenging Language Policy. London: Routledge.
Seidlhofer, B. 2001. ‘Closing a conceptual gap: the case for a description of English as a Lingua Franca.’ International Journal of Applied Linguistics 11(2), 133–58.
—. 2004. ‘Research perspectives on teaching English as a Lingua Franca.’ Annual Review of Applied Linguistics Vol. 24: 209–39.
—. In press. ‘Common ground and different realities: World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca.’ World Englishes 28.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2009 Jennifer Jenkins
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jenkins, J. (2009). Exploring Attitudes towards English as a Lingua Franca in the East Asian Context. In: Murata, K., Jenkins, J. (eds) Global Englishes in Asian Contexts. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230239531_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230239531_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-230-22103-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-23953-1
eBook Packages: Palgrave Language & Linguistics CollectionEducation (R0)