Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to analyse the major transformations of the Swedish model, its welfare regime, employment and production systems. Until the end of the 1980s Sweden was remarkably successful in combining low unemployment with high and growing employment rates and also with a high degree of income equality and small gender disparities. However, most economists and many policymakers were aware that the unprecedented activity level and the extreme labour market tightness during the second half of the 1980s were not sustainable in the long run. For many years inflation had been alarmingly high and in 1990 it reached 11 per cent, presaging a crisis that became dramatic. In just three years, from 1990 to 1993, the rate of employment fell by 10.5 percentage points and the rate of open unemployment quintupled from less than two to more than 8 per cent of the labour force.1 Furthermore, the annual government deficit reached 14 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP), in spite of repeated ‘reform packages aimed at reducing public expenditure and increasing government revenues. The cutbacks in public spending, which principally took the form of lowering income replacement rates in various social insurance systems and reducing public sector employment, were considered by many citizens as a painful’ rolling-back of the welfare state .
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anxo, D. (1993), ‘Les années 1990 où la fin du modèle suédois’, pp. 221–9 in B. Gazier (ed.), Trajectoire de l’Emploi, Paris: Economica.
Anxo, D. and Erhel, C. (1998), ‘La politique de l’emploi en Suède: Nature et évolution’, pp. 35–75 in J. Gautie and J.-C. Barbier (eds), Les politiques de l’emploi en Europe et aux Etats-Unis, Paris: Presse Universitaire de France.
Anxo, D. and Niklasson, H. (2006), ‘The Swedish Model in Turbulent Times: Decline or Renaissance?’, International Labour Review 145(4): 339–71.
Anxo, D., Carcillo, S. and Erhel, C. (2000), ‘Aggregate Impact Analysis of Active Labour Market Policy in France and Sweden: A Regional Approach’, pp. 49–76 in J. de Koning and H. Mosley (eds), Labour Market Policy and Unemployment, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
EIRO (2008), ‘Unions Fear ECJ Ruling in Laval Case Could Lead to Social Dumping’
European Industrial Relations Observatory. http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2008/01/articles/eu0801019i.htm
Elvander, N. (2000), The Industrial Agreement: an Analysis of its Idea and Performance, Stockholm: Almega.
Iversen, T. (1999), Contested Economic Institutions: The Politics of Macroeconomics and Wage Bargaining in Advanced Democracies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Palmer, E. (2000), ‘The Swedish Pension Reform Model: Framework and Issues’, SP Discussion Paper Nr. 0012, Washington DC: World Bank, June.
Sheldon, P. and Thornthwaite, L. (1999), ‘Swedish Engineering Employers: The Search for Industrial Peace in the Absence of Centralised Collective Bargaining’, Industrial Relations Journal 30(5): 514–32.
Statistics Sweden (SCB), Labour Force Surveys, various years, Stockholm.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2009 Dominique Anxo and Harald Niklasson
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Anxo, D., Niklasson, H. (2009). The Swedish Model: Revival after the Turbulent 1990s?. In: Bosch, G., Lehndorff, S., Rubery, J. (eds) European Employment Models in Flux. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230237001_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230237001_3
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-30859-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-23700-1
eBook Packages: Palgrave Business & Management CollectionBusiness and Management (R0)