International Migration to Britain, France and Germany

Abstract

Industrialisation produced successive waves of international migration into Britain, France and Germany from the mid-nineteenth century onwards. In Britain there was an enormous immigration of people from Ireland, partly as a consequence of the starvation associated with the 1846 Potato Famine (O’Grada, 1995) and partly as a result of the burgeoning urban centres in England and Scotland (see Jackson, 1963). Later in the nineteenth century large numbers of Jewish immigrants also migrated to Britain - particularly to London - from Eastern Europe and Russia (see Garrard, 1971).