Abstract
In a controversial, albeit popular tome, the eminent historian of early modem imperialisms, Anthony Pagden, pits “East” against “West” in a millennial conflict that he sees in the guise of a puritanical brand of Islam versus the personal freedoms touted by “bourgeois liberal democracy.”2 The genealogy of today’s “East” that he constructs runs from Ramzi Yousef (convicted for bombing the World Trade Center in 1993) and Osama bin Laden (who claimed responsibility for the devastating attack on September 11, 2001) back through Mawlana Abdullah Mawdudi and Sayyid Qutb (the early-twentieth-century architects of modern “political Islam”) and Ibn Taymiyah (the thirteenth-century Hanbali jurist lionized by this movement). The genealogy for the “West” is, predictably, Greco-Roman-Renaissance-Enlightenment, all leading to “us.” Pagden, though apparently “Whiggish” in orientation, thereby endorses the “clash of civilizations” propounded by the neoconservative political scientist Samuel Huntington.3
[I]t is time we realized there is only ‘one world’ even in history.
—Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization (1974)
I believe all texts to be worldly and circumstantial in (of course) ways that vary from genre to genre, and from historical period to historical period.
—Edward W. Said, Orientalism (1978)
[T]he bitterest of all human conflicts spring from what [Freud] called the ‘narcissism of small differences’: we hate and fear those whom we most resemble, far more than those from whom we are alien and remote.
—Anthony Pagden, Worlds at War: The 2,500-Year Struggle Between East and West (2008)1
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Epigraphs are from Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, 3 vols. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), I.58.
Edward W. Said, Orientalism (1978; New York: Vintage Books, 1979), 23
Epigraphs are from Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, 3 vols. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), I.58; Edward W. Said, Orientalism (1978; New York: Vintage Books, 1979), 23; Anthony Pagden, Worlds at War: The 2,500-Year Struggle Between East and West (New York: Random House, 2008), xiv–xv.
Pagden’s groundbreaking studies on Western imperialism include Lords of All the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France c. 1500-c. 1800 (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1995)
Pagden, Worlds at War, 526–7. Pagden’s groundbreaking studies on Western imperialism include Lords of All the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France c. 1500-c. 1800 (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1995), European Encounters with the New World: From Renaissance to Romanticism (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1994), and The Fall of Natural Man: The American Indian and the Origins of Comparative Ethnology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987). See also Pagden, Peoples and Empires: A Short History of European Migration, Exploration, and Conquest from Greece to the Present (New York: Modern Library, 2001), which anticipates his polemic in Worlds at War.
Dominic Sandbrook, “A Conflict Deeper than Rape and Pillage,” The Daily Telegraph March 22, 2008, describes Pagden’s Worlds at War as “a strikingly Whiggish book.” Richard W. Bulliet, a professor of history at Columbia University and author of The Case for Islamo-Christian Civilization (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), in “A One-Man Crusade,” The Washington Post December 9, 2008, more bluntly states that Pagden’s book “describes … his own triumphalist construction of European ideology.” Amy Chua, “Divided and Conquered,” The New York Times March 23, 2008, summarizes: “It’s a good bet that ‘Worlds at War’ will appeal more to admirers of Samuel Huntington’s thesis about the clash of civilizations, which Pagden calls ‘a crude but useful phrase,’ than to fans of Edward Said’s book ‘Orientalism’.” Huntington, a former professor of government at Harvard University who initially gained notoriety as a presidential advisor during the U.S. war against Vietnam, popularized this thesis as an explanation for current global conflicts, which he conceptualizes as “the West versus the Rest” with specific reference to the Islamic world. See Samuel P. Huntington, “The Clash of Civilizations?” Foreign Affairs (1993), republished in The Clash of Civilizations?: The Debate (New York: Foreign Affairs, 1996), 1–25. Huntington reiterates his anti-Islamic stance in The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Free Press, 2002), 209–18. For a survey of initial challenges to Huntington’s thesis, see Engin I. Erdem, “‘The Clash of Civilizations’: Revisited after September 11,” Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations 1.2 (2002), http://www.alternativesjournal.net/volume1/number2/erdem.htm, accessed June 4, 2010. While we wholeheartedly endorse the critique of “West” and “East” as totalizing concepts, in the absence of a more satisfactory vocabulary with which to discuss complex cultural and geographic entities, we will hereafter use the capitalized terms with implicit quotation marks in order to avoid confusion with the more literal meanings of “east” and “west.”
Edward W. Said, The World, the Text, and the Critic (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1983), 29
For his articulation of “secular criticism,” see Edward W. Said, The World, the Text, and the Critic (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1983), 29. Said develops this model throughout his oeuvre, with his late essay, “The Clash of Definitions,” in Reflections on Exile and Other Essays (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003), 569–90, specifically addressing Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” thesis. Pagden cites Said’s Orientalism dismissively once (563n8), and then provides all other references to Said via tendentious secondary sources (563n9, 572n3) and internal cross-references (570n66). For more thoughtful reassessments of Orientalism, including Said’s throughout his career, see Alexander Lyon Macfie, ed., Orientalism: A Reader (New York: New York University Press, 2000).
For a similarly tendentious analysis, see Robert Irwin, Dangerous Knowledge: Orientalism and Its Discontents (Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press, 2006). For a balanced response, see Lawrence Rosen, “Orientalism Revisited: Edward Said’s Unfinished Critique,” Boston Review 32.1 (2007): 31–2.
Jerry Brotton, Global Interests: Renaissance Art between East and West (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2000)
Jardine, Worldly Goods: A New History of the Renaissance (New York: Doubleday, 1996
Brotton, Jerry. Trading Territories: Mapping the Early Modern World. London: Reaktion Books, 1997
Brotton, Jerry. The Renaissance Bazaar: From the Silk Road to Michelangelo. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002
Nancy Bisaha, Creating East and West: Renaissance Humanists and the Ottoman Turks (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004
Margaret Meserve, Empires of Islam in Renaissance Historical Thought (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2008
Nabil Matar, Islam in Britain, 1558–1685 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998
Daniel Goffman, Britons in the Ottoman Empire, 1642–1660 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1998
Barbara Fuchs, Mimesis and Empire: The New World, Islam, and European Identities (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001
Bernadette Andrea, Women and Islam in Early Modern English Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007
Lisa Jardine and Jerry Brotton, Global Interests: Renaissance Art between East and West (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2000); see also Jardine, Worldly Goods: A New History of the Renaissance (New York: Doubleday, 1996); Brotton, Trading Territories: Mapping the Early Modern World (London: Reaktion Books, 1997; Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1998); and Brotton, The Renaissance Bazaar: From the Silk Road to Michelangelo (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002). Other studies focusing on Islam and continental Europe that relate to early modern English discourses during the Renaissance/early modern period include Nancy Bisaha, Creating East and West: Renaissance Humanists and the Ottoman Turks (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), and Margaret Meserve, Empires of Islam in Renaissance Historical Thought (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2008). More focused studies include Nabil Matar, Islam in Britain, 1558–1685 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), Turks, Moors, and Englishmen in the Age of Discovery (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), and Britain and Barbary, 1589–1689 (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005), from the perspective of literary criticism and history, and Daniel Goffman, Britons in the Ottoman Empire, 1642–1660 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1998) and The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), from the perspective of an Ottomanist and historian. Also relevant are Barbara Fuchs, Mimesis and Empire: The New World, Islam, and European Identities (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), Bernadette Andrea, Women and Islam in Early Modern English Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), and Benedict Robinson, Islam and Early Modern English Literature: The Politics of Romance from Spenser to Milton (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).
Hodgson, Venture of Islam, I.379n6. For an assessment of Hodgson’s approach, see Edmund Burke, III, “Conclusion: Islamic History as World History: Marshall G. S. Hodgson and The Venture of Islam” in Rethinking World History: Essays on Europe, Islam, and World History, by Hodgson; ed. Burke (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 301–28. See also Louis Massignon’s four-volume magnum opus, La passion de Husayn Mansur Hallaj: Martyr mystique de l’Islam exécuté à Baghdad le mars 26 922 [CE] (Paris: Gallimard, 1973), translated in an abridged edition as Hallaj: Mystic and Martyr, trans. and ed. Herbert Mason (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1994).
Edward W. Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage, 1994
Hodgson, Venture of Islam, I: 57–60. See also Gerald MacLean’s discussion of terminology in his introduction to Britain and the Muslim World: Historical Perspectives, ed. MacLean (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011), 1–9. “East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet” is the opening line of Rudyard Kipling’s “The Ballad of East and West” (1895); see Edward W. Said, Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage, 1994), 132–62. For an exemplary use of Said’s Culture and Imperialism to complicate the anachronistic claims in Orientalism, see John V. Tolan, Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002).
For a related literary history, see Linda McJannet, “Islam and English Drama: A Critical History,” Early Theatre: A Journal Associated with the Records of Early English Drama 12.2 (2009): 183–93, on which this section is based.
Louis Wann, “The Oriental in Elizabethan Drama,” Modern Philology 12 (1915): 163–87, and Warner Grenelle Rice, “Turk, Moor, and Persian in English Literature from 1550–1660 with Particular Reference to the Drama,” unpublished PhD diss. (Harvard University, 1927). Rice also published on stage plays, “The Sources of Massinger’s The Renegado,” Philological Quarterly 11 (1932): 65–75, and on travel narratives, “Early English Travellers to Greece and the Levant,” Essays and Studies in English and Comparative Literature (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1933), 205–60.
Samuel C. Chew, The Crescent and the Rose: Islam and England during the Renaissance (New York: Oxford University Press, 1937; rpt. New York: Octagon Books, 1965).
For example, Chew alleges that compared to the historical sources, Marlowe’s Tamburlaine diminishes the stature and character of the Turkish sultan Bajazeth (472). For a contrary view, see Linda McJannet, The Sultan Speaks: Dialogue in English Plays and Histories about the Ottoman Turks (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), 72–81.
Byron Porter Smith, Islam in English Literature (Beirut, Lebanon: The American Press, 1939; rpt. New York: Caravan, 1977), vii.
Orhan Burian, “Interest of the English in Turkey as Reflected in English Literature of the Renaissance,” Oriens 5 (1952): 208–29.
Norman Daniel, Islam and the West: The Making of an Image (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1960
R. W. Southern, Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1962
Norman Daniel, Islam and the West: The Making of an Image (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1960), and R. W. Southern, Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1962) focus on medieval religious writers. Brandon Beck, From the Rising of the Sun: English Images of the Ottoman Empire to 1715 (New York: P. Lang, 1987) traces the image of the Ottomans in a variety of genres (translations of continental histories, travelers’ accounts, and so on), but he merely lists the most prominent plays about the Turks in a brief paragraph (39).
Eldred Jones, Othello’s Countrymen: The African in English Renaissance Drama (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965
Anthony Gerard. Black Face, Maligned Race: The Representation of Blacks in English Drama from Shakespeare to Southerne. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987
D’Amico, Jack. The Moor in English Renaissance Drama. Tampa: University of South Florida Press, 1991
Eldred Jones, Othello’s Countrymen: The African in English Renaissance Drama (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965) and The Elizabethan Image of Africa (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1971); Anthony Gerard Barthelemy, Black Face, Maligned Race: The Representation of Blacks in English Drama from Shakespeare to Southerne (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987). Jack D’Amico, The Moor in English Renaissance Drama (Tampa: University of Florida Press, 1991), was one of the first to focus on Moors in the context of Islam as well as race. Many other important studies on “race” in the English Renaissance have been published in the wake of these groundbreaking studies: most recently, Ania Loomba and Jonathan Burton, Race in Early Modern England: A Documentary Companion (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).
John Michael Archer, Old Worlds: Egypt, Southwest Asia, India, and Russia in Early Modern English Writing (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001
Daniel J. Vitkus, Turning Turk: English Theatre and the Multicultural Mediterranean, 1570–1630 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003
Kenneth Parker, ed., Early Modern Tales of Orient: A Critical Anthology (London: Routledge, 1999
Ros Ballaster, ed., Fables of the East: Selected Tales, 1662–1785 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005
See John Michael Archer, Old Worlds: Egypt, Southwest Asia, India, and Russia in Early Modern English Writing (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001), and Daniel J. Vitkus, Turning Turk: English Theatre and the Multicultural Mediterranean, 1570–1630 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), especially Ivo Kamps’s Introduction, xii–xiv. Vitkus has edited two volumes that have been crucial for expanding interest in this field: Three Turk Plays from Early Modern England (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000) and Piracy, Slavery, and Redemption: Barbary Captivity Narratives from Early Modern England (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001). The latter includes an introduction by Nabil Matar subtitled, “England and Mediterranean Captivity, 1577–1704” (1–52). Other notable anthologies include Kenneth Parker, ed., Early Modern Tales of Orient: A Critical Anthology (London: Routledge, 1999); Ros Ballaster, ed., Fables of the East: Selected Tales, 1662–1785 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005); and Michael H. Fisher, ed., Visions of Mughal India: An Anthology of European Travel Writing (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007). For a critical edition of early modern English women’s plays with Islamicate themes, see Bernadette Andrea, English Women Staging Islam, 1696–1707 (Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies/University of Toronto, forthcoming), which focuses on Delarivier Manley and Mary Pix.
Jonathan Burton, Traffic and Turning: Islam and English Drama, 1579–1624 (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2005
For a defense of the term “Turkish plays” to cover a variety of Islamic settings and characters, see Jonathan Burton, Traffic and Turning: Islam and English Drama, 1579–1624 (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2005), 15. Vitkus, Three Turk Plays, implicitly uses “Turk” in this way when he lists plays that feature Moroccans and Spanish Moors as “Turk plays” (2–3). Richmond Barbour, Before Orientalism: London’s Theatre of the East, 1576–1626 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), likewise argues that terms like “Turk,” “Moor,” and “Indian” were “ubiquitous” and only vaguely distinguished from one another in the period (15).
Pompa Banerjee, Burning Women: Widows, Witches, and Early Modern European Travelers in India (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003
Shankar Raman, Framing “India”: The Colonial Imaginary in Early Modern Culture (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002
For a nonexhaustive list, in addition to works cited earlier, important studies of early modern English representations of Mughals include Ania Loomba, “Of Gifts, Ambassadors, and Copy-Cats: Diplomacy, Exchange, and Difference in Early Modern India,” in Emissaries in Early Modern Literature and Culture: Mediation, Transmission, and Traffic, 1550–1700 (Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2009), 41–76; Pompa Banerjee, Burning Women: Widows, Witches, and Early Modern European Travelers in India (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003); Shankar Raman, Framing “India”: The Colonial Imaginary in Early Modern Culture (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002); and Jyotsna G. Singh, Colonial Narratives/Cultural Dialogues: Discoveries of India in the Language of Colonialism (New York: Routledge, 1996). On Persianate themes in early modern English literature, see Linda McJannet, “‘Bringing in a Persian,’” Medieval and Renaissance Drama in England 12 (1999): 236–67, and “Pirates, Merchants, and Kings: Oriental Motifs in English Court and Civic Entertainments, 1510–1659,” in The Mysterious and Foreign in Early Modern England, ed. Helen Ostovich, Mary Silcox, and Graham Roebuck (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2008), 249–65. See also Bernadette Andrea, “Lady Sherley: The ‘First’ Persian in England?” The Muslim World 95.2 (2005): 279–95; “Persia, Tartaria, and Pamphilia: Ideas of Asia in Mary Wroth’s The Countess of Montgomery’s Urania, Part II,” in The English Renaissance, Orientalism, and the Idea of Asia, eds. Walter S. H. Lim and Debra Johanyak (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), 23–50; and “Elizabeth I and Persian Exchanges,” in The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I, ed. Charles Beem (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2011), 169–99.
McJannet, Linda. “Mapping the Ottomans on the Renaissance Stage.” Journal of Theatre and Drama 2 (1996): 9–34
MacLean Include The Rise of Oriental Travel: English Visitors to the Ottoman Empire, 1580–1720 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004
For critiques by early modernists of Said’s anachronisms, see note 6, as well as Linda McJannet, “Mapping the Ottomans on the Renaissance Stage,” Journal of Theatre and Drama 2 (1996), 9–34; Bernadette Andrea, “Columbus in Istanbul: Ottoman Mappings of the ‘New World,’” Genre: Forms of Discourse and Culture 30 (1997): 135–65; and Gerald MacLean, “Ottomanism before Orientalism? Bishop Henry King Praises Henry Blount, Passenger,” Travel Knowledge: European “Discoveries” in the Early Modern Period, eds. Ivo Kamps and Jyostna G. Singh (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001), 85–96. Other important works on this topic by MacLean include The Rise of Oriental Travel: English Visitors to the Ottoman Empire, 1580–1720 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004) and Re-orienting the Renaissance: Cultural Exchanges with the East (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005). See also his forthcoming book with Nabil Matar, Britain and the Islamic World, 1558–1713 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011).
Peter Stallybrass, “Marginal England: The View from Aleppo,” in Margin or Center: Revisions of the English Renaissance in Honor of Leeds Barroll, ed. Lena Cowen Orlin (Selingsgrove, Pennsylvania: Susquehanna University Press, 2006), 27–39. Patricia Parker’s “Barbers, Infidels, and Renegades: Antony and Cleopatra,” which explores the play’s Islamic subtexts, also appears in this volume (54–89).
Matthew Dimmock, New Turkes: Dramatizing Islam and the Ottomans in Early Modern England (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005
William Percy’s Mahomet and his Heaven (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006
Matthew Birchwood, Staging Islam in England: Drama and Culture, 1640–1685 (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2007
Birchwood and Dimmock edited the collection Cultural Encounters between East and West, 1453–1699 (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2005
Matthew Dimmock, New Turkes: Dramatizing Islam and the Ottomans in Early Modern England (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), 6. See also Dimmock’s critical edition of William Percy’s Mahomet and his Heaven (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006). For an important work that focuses on later seventeenth-century dramatic works, see Matthew Birchwood, Staging Islam in England: Drama and Culture, 1640–1685 (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2007). Birchwood and Dimmock edited the collection Cultural Encounters between East and West, 1453–1699 (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2005); with Andrew Hadfield, Dimmock edited the collection The Religions of the Book: Christian Perceptions, 1400–1660 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008).
See Emily Bartels, “Othello and Africa: Postcolonialism Reconsidered,” William and Mary Quarterly 54 (1997), 45–64. Bartels extends this analysis of the fluidity of attitudes in Speaking of the Moor: From Alcazar to Othello (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008).
Ania Loomba, “‘Delicious Traffick’: Alterity and Exchange on Early Modern Stages,” Shakespeare Survey 52 (1999): 201–14.
Burton, Traffic and Turning, 15. See also Jonathan Burton, “Emplotting the Early Modern Mediterranean,” in Remapping the Mediterranean World in Early Modern English Writing, ed. Goran V. Stanivukovic (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 21–40.
Barbara Sebek and Stephen Deng, eds., Global Traffic: Discourses and Practices of Trade in English Literature and Culture from 1550 to 1700 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2008
Barbara Sebek and Stephen Deng, eds., Global Traffic: Discourses and Practices of Trade in English Literature and Culture from 1550 to 1700 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2008). See also Jyotsna G. Singh, ed., A Companion to the Global Renaissance: English Literature and Culture in the Era of Expansion (Malden, Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009).
Nabil Matar, In the Lands of the Christians: Arabic Travel Writing in the Seventeenth Century (New York: Routledge, 2003) and Europe through Arab Eyes, 1578–1727 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008).
McJannet, “‘History Written by the Enemy’: Eastern Sources about the Ottomans on the Continent and in England,” English Literary Renaissance 36.3 (2006): 396–429 and The Sultan Speaks, 91–117.
Gerald MacLean, “When West Looks East: Some Recent Studies in Early Modern Muslim Cultures,” Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies 7.1 (2007): 96–112.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2011 Bernadette Andrea and Linda McJannet
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Andrea, B., McJannet, L. (2011). Introduction. In: Andrea, B., McJannet, L. (eds) Early Modern England and Islamic Worlds. Early Modern Cultural Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230119826_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230119826_1
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-29667-5
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-11982-6
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)