Abstract
In November 1592, Queen Elizabeth I visited Oxford, where Sir Henry Lee (1533–1611) commissionedapaintingofher that has come to be known as the Ditchley Portrait.1 According to Sir Roy Strong, the portrait, ”the largest surviving image”2 of the queen, showed her as the “imperial virgin… to whom fame and empire are promised,” standing “as an empress of the world, her feet planted on her realm of England.”3
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Notes
Elizabeth W. Pomeroy, Reading the Portraits of Queen Elizabeth I (Hamden, CT Archon, 1989), 64.
Roy Strong, The Cult of Elizabeth (London: Thames and Hudson, 1977), 154.
Julia M. Walker, The Elizabeth Icon, 1603–2003 (Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).
Elizabeth I, Collected Works, ed. Lea S. Marcus, Janel Mueller, and Mary Beth Rose (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 329.
David Armitage, “Literature and Empire,” The Oxford History of the British Empire, vol. I, ed. Nicholas Canny (Oxford, 1998), 102.
Abu Faris Abd al-Azizal-Fishtali, Manahilal-safafima’athermawalina a-shurafa’, ed. Abd al-Karim Karim (Rabat, 1974), 49.
Quoted in J. N. Hillgarth, The Mirror of Spain, 1500–1700, The Formation of a Myth (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000), 366.
Henry de Castries, Les Sources Inédites de L’histoire du Maroc…Archives et Bibliothèques D’Angleterre (Paris, 1918–1936), 1:455–457; 468–475.
António de Saldanha, Crónica de Almançor, Sultã de Marrocos (1578–1603), edited by António dias Fariha and translated by Léon Bourdon (Lisbon, 1997), ch. 47.
Henry de Castries, Les Sources inédites de l’Histoire du Maroc, Dynastie Saadienne, Archives et Bibliothèques de France (Paris, 1909) 2: 150.
Jamil M. Abun-Nasr, A History of the Maghrib (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971), 211.
De Castries, Moulay Ismail et Jaques II (Paris, 1903), 9, n. 3.
Abdallah Guennun, ed., Rasail Sa’diyya (Tetuan, 1954), 152–157.
Nabil Matar, Europe through Arab Eyes, 1578–1727 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009).
Calendar of State Papers Foreign Series of the Reign of Elizabeth, January—July 1589, ed. Richard Bruce Wernham (London, 1950), 23:17.
Barbary “100 ships,” The Fugger News- Letters, Second Series, trans. L. S. R. Byrne, ed. Victor von Klarwill (London, 1926), 183.
Calendar of Scottish Papers, Ad 1589–1593, James VI, 10: 404, ed. William K. Boyd and Henry W. Meikle (Edinburgh, 1936).
Francis Bacon, Observations on a Libel: “… he saith England is confederate with the great Turk,” Works, eds. James Spedding et al. (London, 1890), 8: 204.
al-Tahir Muhammad Tuwat, Adab al-Rasa’il fi al-Maghreb al-Arabi (Rabat, 1993), 258–269.
Muhammad al-Gharbi, Bidayat al-hukm al-Maghribi fi al-Sudan al-gharbi (Baghdad, 1982), 667.
Richard Bruce Wernham, ed., List and Analysis of State Papers, Foreign Series, Elizabeth I, July 1590-May 1591 (London, 1969), 2: 459.
Weston F. Cook, Jr., The Hundred Years War of Morocco (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994), 258.
Ibrahim Harakat, Al-Siyasah wal-Mujtama’ fi al-Asr al-Sa’di (Al-Dar al-Bayda’, 1987), 82.
Hopkins has January (J. F. P. Hopkins, Letters from Barbary, 1576–1774, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982), 5.
R. B. Wernham, The Return of the Armadas (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), 108.
Warner G. Rice, “Th e Moroccan Episode in Thomas Heywood’s ‘The Fair Maid of the West’,” Philological Quarterly 9 (1930), 131–140.
Nabil Matar and Rudolph Stoeckel, “Europe’s Mediterranean Other: The Moor,” The Arden Critical Companions, gen. eds., Andrew Hadfield and Paul Hammond (London: The Arden Shakespeare, 2004), 230–252.
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qadi, Jadhwat al-iqtibas (Rabat, 1973), 115.
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© 2011 Charles Beem
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Matar, N. (2011). Elizabeth through Moroccan Eyes. In: Beem, C. (eds) The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I. Queenship and Power. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230118553_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230118553_7
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