Abstract
Johnson’s poetry changes significantly after The Book of the Green Man. To advance his ocular interests in his next major collection, The Different Musics, Johnson moves away from Pound’s ideogrammic method to pursue a collage mode that draws on the quoting practices of the American composer, Charles Ives (1874–1954). In The Book of the Green Man, Johnson is concerned with achieving visual integrity about one specific subject, the British landscape, by observing it from multiple perspectives and vantage points. In The Different Musics, however, Johnson wants to convey different and contrasting perceptions simultaneously. Essentially, Johnson is keen to sound “different musics” concurrently on the page so that, together, they comprise a new music. In attempting this polyphonic poetry, Pound’s ideogrammic method undergoes considerable reassessment as Johnson implements a more suitable form to allow different perceptions to co-exist simultaneously on the page. As well as indicating the changing aesthetics of Johnson’s collage poetics, Ives’s singular quoting practices, along with his innovations in dissonance and polyphony, provide a valuable model for Johnson’s desire to achieve such simultaneity of perception.
Each one must work out his idea, to his taste.
—Raymond Isidore1
idiom: of one’s self vernacular: of the folk
—Ronald Johnson2
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Notes
Ronald Johnson, “Persistent Light on the Inviolably Forever Other,” Margins 13 (August-September, 1974), 13.
David Michael Hertz, Angels of Reality: Emersonian Unfoldings in Wright, Stevens, and Ives (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1993), 95.
J. Peter Burkholder, All Made of Tunes: Charles Ives and the Uses of Musical Borrowing (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995), 425.
Charles E. Ives, Memos, ed. John Kirkpatrick (London: Calder & Boyars, 1973), 87.
Michael Davidson, Ghostlier Demarcations: Modern Poetry and the Material World (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1997), 94.
Robert Duncan, Bending the Bow (New York: New Directions, 1968), 48.
Charles Ives, Essays Before a Sonata and Other Writings, ed. Howard Boatwright (London: Calder & Boyars, 1969), 22.
Rosalie Sandra Perry, Charles Ives and the American Mind (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1976), 30.
Robert Duncan, The Opening of the Field (New York: New Directions, 1973), 8.
J. Peter Burkholder, Charles Ives: The Ideas Behind the Music (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1985), 26.
Donald E. Pease, Visionary Compacts: American Renaissance Writings in Cultural Context (Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1987), 203–204.
Lawrence Buell, “Emerson in His Cultural Context,” in Ralph Waldo Emerson: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Lawrence Buell (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1993), 52.
Eric Salzman, Twentieth Century Music: An Introduction (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1988), 134.
Charles Ives, Essays Before a Sonata and Other Writings, ed. Howard Boatwright (London: Calder & Boyars, 1969), 18.
John Beardsley, Gardens of Revelation: Environment by Visionary Artists (New York and London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 2003), 163.
Barbara Jones, Follies and Grottoes (London: Constable: 1974), 1.
Dirk Stratton, Ronald Johnson, Western Writers Series No. 122 (Boise Idaho: Boise State University Press, 1996), 28.
Jonathan Williams, The Magpie’s Bagpipe, ed. Thomas Meyer (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1982), 67.
Ronald Johnson, ARK: The Foundations (San Francisco: North Point Press, 1980).
Harry Partch, Bitter Music: Collected Journals, Essays, Introductions, and Librettos, ed. Thomas McGeary (Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2000), 310. Incidentally, one of the movements from Partch’s Revelation in the Court House Park—that Johnson saw performed in Washington D.C., April, 1961 (V 65)—is entitled “These Good Old Fashioned Thrills—Fireworks Ritual” and includes a refrain, “heavenly daze,” which would not be out of place in a Johnson poem. Ibid., 357.
Stanley Cavell, The Senses of Walden (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1992), 62.
Ronald Johnson, The American Table (New York, London, Toronto: Fireside / Simon Schuster, 1991), 250.
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© 2010 Ross Hair
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Hair, R. (2010). Johnson’s Different Musics. In: Ronald Johnson’s Modernist Collage Poetry. Modern and Contemporary Poetry and Poetics. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230115552_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230115552_5
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