Abstract
This paper seeks to assess the record of the international community in its response to the war in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) that began in August 1998. Such assessments are always uncertain, and are complicated by the disappointments and biases that permeate the news reports and interim evaluations of the work of international actors. Fair-minded observers may not in the end agree on the quality of the performance of international actors. Thus, the best one can do is to examine the record of various external entities and evaluate them in light of the possibilities that the international environment and the domestic politics of bilateral actors permit.
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Notes
On the concept of “regime security,” see John F. Clark, “Foreign Policy Making in Central Africa: The Imperative of Regime Security in a New Context” in African Foreign Policy: Power and Process, ed. Gilbert Khadiagala and Terrence Lyons (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2001), 67–86 (2001).
Virgil Hawkins, “History Repeating Itself: The DRC and the UN Security Council,” Review of African Security 12, no. 4 (2003): 48.
Thomas Turner, The Congo Wars: Conflict, Myth & Reality (London: Zed, 2007), 146–147.
Adekeye Adebajo, “The United Nations,” in Security Dynamics in Africa’s Great Lakes Region, ed. Gilbert M. Khadiagala (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2006), 155.
Gérard Prunier, Africa’s World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 249.
United Nations Peacekeeping Best Practices Unit (UNPBPU) “Operation Artemis: The Lessons of the Interim Emergency Multinational Force” (2004), 6. http://pbpu.unlb.org/PBPS/Pages/PUBLIC/ViewDocument.aspx?docid=572&menukey=_5_2_4.
International Crisis Group (ICG), “The Congo’s Transition is Failing: Crisis in the Kivus,” Africa Report no. 91 (2005), 24.
John Clark, “Collective Interventions After the Cold War: Lessons from the UN Mission to the Congo, 1960–1964,” Journal of Political Science 12 (1994): 93–115.
For example, Jane Rasmussen, “MONUC: Sexual Exploitation and Abuse End of Assignment Report” (2005).
See Connor Cruise O’ Brien, To Katanga and Back: A UN Case History (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1962).
Peter J. Schraeder, “Belgium, France, and the United States,” in Security Dynamics in Africa’s Great Lakes Region, ed. Gilbert M. Khadiagala (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2006), 177.
Chris Landsberg, “The Impossible Neutrality? South Africa’s Policy in the Congo War,” in The African Stakes of the Congo War, ed. John F. Clark (New York: Palgrave, 2002)
Chris Landsberg, “South Africa,” in Security Dynamics in Africa’s Great Lakes Region, ed. Gilbert M. Khadiagala (Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner, 2006).
Meike de Goede and Chris van der Borgh, “A Role for Diplomats in Postwar Transitions? The Case of the International Committee in Support of the Transition in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,” African Security 1, no. 2 (2008): 121.
Kevin C. Dunn, “A Survival Guide to Kinshasa: Lessons of the Father, Passed Down to the Son,” in The African Stakes of the Congo War, ed. John F. Clark (New York: Palgrave, 2002), 57–58.
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© 2010 Jack Mangala
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Clark, J.F. (2010). The International Community and Congo’s Recent Crises. In: Mangala, J. (eds) New Security Threats and Crises in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230115538_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230115538_9
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