Abstract
Nowadays, when the conversation on democratizing Iraq has faded in the shadow of the Iraqi civil war, many a neocon has turned self-reflective and postulated how the mission of democratizing Iraqi society turned into the current chaos. One prominent explanation was that Iraq was simply beyond redemption, or that its culture was so fathomlessly undemocratic that even the most sincere of efforts could offer no solution. The neoconservative universe, and especially its bloggers, quickly embraced this narrative. Within this context, Hugh Fitzgerald reminded his readers that Iraq was a land in which “the underlying ideology of Islam is opposed, in every fiber, to the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.”1
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Notes
Mohammad A. Tarbush, The Role of the Military in Politics: A Case Study of Iraq to 1941, London: Boston, Kegan Paul International, 1982
Reeva Simon, Iraq between Two World Wars: the Creation and Implementation of a Nationalist Ideology, New York: Columbia University Press, 1986
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Mandats Français Et Anglais Dans Une Perspective, Leiden: Brill, 2004, 103–142; Pierre-Jean Luizard, “Le Mandat Britannique en Irak: Une Rencontre Entre Plusieurs Projects Politiques,” ibid, 361–384; on the rise of the urban middle classes in Iraq, see: Michael Eppel, “The Elite, the Effendiyya, and the Growth of Nationalism and Pan-Arabism in Hashemite Iraq, 1921–1958,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 30:2 (1998), 227–250.
Eric Davis, Memories of the State: Politics, History and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.
Eric Davis, Memories of the State: Politics, History and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005; see also: Orit Bashkin, The Other Iraq, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.
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Abd al-Fattah Ibrahim, Muqaddimafi al-ijtima’, Baghdad: Matba’at al-Ahali, 1939.
Albert Hourani, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, London: New York: Oxford University Press, 1962, 311–315
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Ernest C, Dawn, “The Formation of Pan-Arab Ideology in the Inter-war Years,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 20:1 (1988), 67–91.
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Works that reference his work include: Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz, Muhadarat ‘an al-’Iraq min al-ihtilal hatta al-istiqlal, Cairo: Ma’had al-Buhuth wal-Dirasat al-’Arabiyya, 1954; Abd al-Razzaq al-Hasani, al-’Iraq fi Zill al-Mu’ahadat, Sayda: Matba’at al-’Ifran, 1947; ‘Abd al-Razzaq al-Hasani, Ta’rikh al-’Iraq al-Siyasai al-Hadith, Sayda: Matba’at al-’Ifran, 1957; on his important intellectual activity in the 1940s and 1950s, see: Nissim Rejwan, The Last Jew in Baghdad: Remembering a Lost Homeland, Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004, 147.
Amatzia Baram, “Neo-tribalism in Iraq: Saddam Hussein’s Tribal Policies 1991–96,” International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 23: (1997), 1–31.
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© 2010 Amatzia Baram, Achim Rohde, and Ronen Zeidel
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Bashkin, O. (2010). Iraqi Democracy and the Democratic Vision of ‘Abd al-Fattah Ibrahim. In: Baram, A., Rohde, A., Zeidel, R. (eds) Iraq Between Occupations. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230115491_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230115491_6
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