Abstract
“A nation reveals a lot about itself by the leaders it remembers and honors, by those it rates as great and by those it forgets,” write Thomas Cronin and Michael Genovese.1 In this chapter, we will examine presidents portrayed on stage as praiseworthy. Although or perhaps because judging the quality of presidents is not something that can be done objectively, Americans have long debated which presidents to rank highly. More formal surveys of historians began with one conducted for Life magazine by Arthur Schlesinger Sr. in 1948. Despite some reputational changes, subsequent versions have shown considerable consistency in the overall rankings. Polls of the general public have varied more over time, revealing a bias in favor of recent officeholders. For example, when a 2009 Gallup Poll asked which of five presidents respondents would “regard as the greatest,” Ronald Reagan led with 24% followed by John Kennedy and Lincoln 22%, Franklin Roosevelt 18%, and Washington well behind at 9%. In comparison, a C-SPAN survey of historians taken at about the same time ranked Lincoln, Washington, and Franklin Roosevelt as its top three, with Kennedy sixth and Reagan tenth.2
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Notes
Thomas E. Cronin and Michael A. Genovese, The Paradoxes of the American Presidency, Second Edition, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004: 62.
Charles Frederic Nirdlinger, The First Lady of the Land, Boston: Walter H. Baker Co., 1914: 54.
“Elsie Ferguson in Historical Comedy,” New York Times, Dec. 5, 1911: 9; and Clayton Hamilton, “Midwinter Nights’ Entertainments,” The Bookman 34 (Sept. 1911–Feb. 1912): 651.
Acton Davies and Charles Nirdlinger, The First Lady in the Land, New York: H.K. Fly Co., 1912.
Catherine Allgor, A Perfect Union: Dolley Madison and the Creation of the American Nation, New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2006: 32.
Gerald Boardman, American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1869–1914, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994: 700.
Stephen Vincent Benet, “Is the Costume Drama Dead?” The Bookman 60 (Dec. 1924): 481.
Sean Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln, New York: W. W. Norton, 2005: 318.
“New Plays,” Time, Oct. 13, 1924, http://www.time.com; Stark Young, “The Play,” New York Times}, Sept. 30, 1924}: 27 Resolution Gl
Charles Fenton, Stephen Vincent Benet: The Life and Times of an American Man of Letters, 1898–1943, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958.
Howard Koch and John Huston, In Time to Come, in Stanley Richards (ed.), America on Stage: Ten Great Plays of American History, Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co., 1976: 530.
John Gassner, “‘Clash by Night’ and Other Plays,” Current History 1 (Feb. 1942): 568
Brooks Atkinson, “Drama About League of Nations and Woodrow Wilson Opens at the Mansfield,” New York Times, Dec. 29, 1941: 20
Burns Mantle, The Best Plays of 1941–1942, New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1942: 35.
Alexander L. George and Juliette L. George, Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House: A Personality Study, New York: Dover Publications, 1964: 315.
John Guare and Ruth Goetz, “Conversations With … Sidney Kingsley,” Dramatists Guild Quarterly (Autumn 1984): 27.
Sidney Kingsley, The Patriots, in Nena Couch (ed.), Sidney Kingsley: Five Prizewinning Plays, Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1995: 181.
Sidney Kingsley, “On Lifting Washington’s Periwig,” New York Times, Feb. 21, 1943: X1.
Lewis Nichols, “The Play,” New York Times, Jan. 30, 1943: 11
John Gassner, “Jefferson and Hamilton in Drama,” Current History 4 (Mar. 1943): 88–89
George Jean Nathan, “The Best Play of the Season,” The American Mercury 56 (1943): 486–87
Wolcott Gibbs, “Birth of a Nation,” The New Yorker 18 (Feb. 6, 1943): 31.
Thomas F. Brady, “Warners to Film Play by Kingsley,” New York Times, Jun. 9, 1947: 27.
Dore Schary, Sunrise at Campobello, New York: Random House, 1958: Foreword.
James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox, New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1956: 94.
Brooks Atkinson, “FDR as Invalid,” New York Times, Feb. 9, 1958: X1; and Kerr quoted in “Sunrise at Campobello,” Theatre Arts 42 (Apr. 1958): 16.
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., “F.D.R. on the Stage,” The New Republic 138 (Feb. 10, 1958): 20
Wolcott Gibbs, “F.D.R.,” The New Yorker 33 (Feb. 9, 1958): 93–96
Robert Hatch, “Sunrise at Campobello,” The Nation 186 (Feb. 15, 1958): 146
Henry Hewes, “The FDR Story,” Saturday Review 41 (Feb. 15, 1958): 28.
Blanche Wiesen Cook, Eleanor Roosevelt, Volume One, 1884–1933, New York: Viking 1992: 285 and 316.
Jacob Leibenluft, “The Unpopular President: Why was Harry Truman as unloved as George W. Bush?” Slate, May 5, 2008 (http://www.slate.com).
Merle Miller, Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman, New York: Berkley, 1974.
Stefan Kanfer, “Trumania in the ‘70s,” Time 105 (Jun. 9, 1975): 45.
John V. R. Bull, “Splendid Saltiness Marks Whitmore’s Recreated Truman,” Philadelphia Inquirer, Mar. 31, 1975: 5B.
Patrick Julian, “A Touch Too Cracker Barrel Folksy: The Mythic Portrayal of Harry S. Truman in Give ‘em Hell, Harry!” Philological Papers 44 (1998): 114.
Samuel Gallu, Give ‘em Hell Harry: Reminiscences, New York: The Viking Press, 1975: 1.
Alonzo L. Hamby, Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman,” New York: Oxford University Press, 1995: 641.
For example, see Sarah Miles Bolam and Thomas J. Bolam, The Presidents on Film: A Comprehensive Filmography of Portrayals from George Washington to George W. Bush, Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Col, 2007: 278–80.
White House Central Files: President’s Secretary’s Files, Box 118, Harry S Truman Library and David McCullough, Truman, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992: 901.
T. E. Kalem, “His Own Man,” Time, May 12, 1975: 63 http://www.time.com
Richard L. Coe, “Whitmore’s Glorious Mr. Truman,” Washington Post, Apr. 16, 1975: B1, 9
Richard L. Strout, “Ford’s Hero, Truman, back in capital; onstage,” Christian Science Monitor, Apr. 17, 1975: 3.
Harry F. Waters, “One-Man Showmanship,” Newsweek, May 12, 1975: 89.
Andrew Gans, “Barnaba Will Be Truman in Give ‘Em Hell Harry!” http://www.playbill.com, Jul. 18, 2008.
Andy Propst, “Seeing the President as Outspoken Leader in Give ‘Em Hell Harry!” American Theater Web Review, Jul. 30, 2008, accessed at http://www.americantheaterweb.info
Robert Windeler, “Give ‘Em Hell Harry!” Backstage.com, Aug. 1, 2008.
Stephen Skowronek, The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill Clinton, Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1997: 228.
Michael A. Genovese, The Power of the American Presidency, 1789–2000, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001: 114.
Nora E. Taylor, “James Whitmore: a sense of history,” Christian Science Monitor, Apr. 5, 1977: 10.
Jerome Alden, Bully: An Adventure with Teddy Roosevelt, New York: Crown Publishers, 1979: 8.
Kathleen Dalton, Theodore Roosevelt: A Strenuous Life, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002: 191.
Anita Hamilton, “A Step Back for Blacks,” Time 168 (Jul. 3, 2006), http://www.time.com
John D. Weaver, The Brownsville Raid, College Station, TX: Texas A & M University Press, 1992.
Richard Eder, “Drama: Bully Talks Softly,” New York Times, Nov. 2, 1977: 67.
For example, see Thor Eckert, Jr., “James Whitmore does bully job depicting Teddy,” Christian Science Monitor, Mar. 23, 1977: 12.
Clifford Ridley, “A Side of Roosevelt in Bully!,” Philadelphia Inquirer, Nov. 17, 1998: E04
Mike Steele, “John Davidson is a bully Roosevelt,” Minneapolis Star Tribune, May 31, 1997: 3E.
Michelle Bearden, “Not So Rough Rider,” Tampa Tribune, Sept. 3, 2002: 1 (Baylife section).
Michael Sommers, “The Bully Pulpit,” Newark Star-Ledger, May 16, 2008: 4.
Frank Scheck, “Solo Portrait of Teddy Roosevelt Bears Up,” New York Post, May 16, 2008: 53.
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© 2010 Bruce E. Altschuler
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Altschuler, B.E. (2010). Other Heroic Presidents. In: Acting Presidents. The Evolving American Presidency Series. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230115316_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230115316_2
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