Abstract
Literature devoted to the “southern question” began appearing between the elections of 1874 and 1876. The first to specialize in this new discipline were men of the Destra who were struggling to understand the reasons for their crushing electoral defeat of 1874 in southern Italy. Thus the Tuscan Leopoldo Franchetti1 traveled to Sicily to meet the historian Pasquale Villari, author of Lettere meridi-onali [Southern Letters]. Discussions between the two men led to the conclusion that the new laws and the new institutions that unification had brought to the south had worsened conditions in the Mezzogiorno, not improved them. In two later texts, Franchetti pointed the finger at the “economic and class relationships that prevented the civil development”2 of these regions.
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Notes
Quoted by R. Romanelli (L’ltalia liberale (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1979), 189).
G. Carocci, Storia d’ltalia dall’Unita a oggi (Milan: Feltrinelli, 1975), 37;
Salvatore Lupo, “Mezzogiorno” in Dizionario storico dell’Italia unita, ed. B. Bongiovanni and N. Tranfaglia (Rome: Laterza, 1997), 584;
Alberto Car-acciolo, La storia economica (Turin: Einaudi, 1973), 511, 512.
See Pasquale Villani, Mezzogiorno tra riforme e rivoluzione (Bari: Laterza, 1973), 195–197.
David Abulafia, Le due Italic Relazioni economiche tra il Regno normanno di Sicilia e I comuni settentrionali (Naples: Guida, 1977).
P. Bevilacqua, Breve storia dell’Italia meridionale (Rome: Donzelli, 2005).
See Valerio Castronovo, “Il Piemonte” in Storia d’Italia. Le regioni dall’Unita a oggi (Turin: Einaudi, 1977), 4, 5, 146, 149.
Gianfranco Viesti, Abolire il Mezzogiorno (Rome-Bari: Laterza, 2003), 7.
Paolo Macry, La societa contemporanea. Una introduzione storica (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1992).
A. Schiavone, Italiani senza Italia. Storia e identita (Turin: Einaudi, 1998), 103.
Sylos Labini, Problemi dello sviluppo economico (Bari: Laterza, 1974), 111.
A. Lepre, Italia, addio? Unita e disunità dal 1860 a oggi (Milan: Mon-dadori, 1994), 33.
Luciano Cafagna, La grande slavina. L’Italia verso la crisi della democrazia (Venice: Marsilio, 1993), 19, 20.
G. Carocci, Il trasformismo dall’Unita a oggi (Milan: Unicopli, 1992), 14.
S. Romano, Histoire de l’Italie du Risorgimento a nos jours (Paris: Seuil, 1977), 77.
Data cited by A. Caracciolo, Stato e società civile. Problemi dell’unificazione italiana (Turin: Einaudi, 1960), 119.
Jean Meynaud, Rapporto sulla classe dirigente italiana (Milan: Giuffre, 1966), 44.
S. Lanaro, L’Italia nuova. Identita e sviluppo. 1861–1988 (Turin: Einaudi, 1988), 110.
Filippo Turati, in Critica Sociale, October 16, 1891. Quoted by Lepre, Italia, addio? 83.
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© 2010 Manlio Graziano
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Graziano, M. (2010). The Southern Question. In: The Failure of Italian Nationhood. Italian and Italian American Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230113060_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230113060_15
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