Abstract
The question of transformism, long buried in history books, resurfaced suddenly in the 1990s as a result of the Italian political crisis.1 Curiously, this reference to transformism occurred at the very moment when the Italian system was experiencing something unheard of: a democratic transition from one coalition to another. From 1861 to 1994, never had one majority been replaced by another following an electoral verdict. This de facto “monopartyism” had often been considered the most blatant proof of transformism—as a mechanism through which the party in office could keep power, and as a solution to the impasse created by lack of a dialectic.
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Notes
Giampiero Carocci, Il trasformismo dall’unit ad oggi (Milan: Unicopli, 1992);
Riccardo Nencini, Il trionfo del trasformismo (Firenze: Loggia de’ Lanzi, 1996);
Sandro Rogari, Le origini del trasformismo (Rome-: Laterza, 1998);
Luigi Musella, Il trasformismo (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2003).
Raymond Grew, “Il trasformismo: ultimo stadio del Risorgimento,” in Il Risorgimento e I’Europa, ed. Vittorio Frosini (Catania: Bonanno, 1969).
A. Gramsci, Il Risorgimento (Turin: Einaudi, 1949), 70. Musella’s book begins with the first of these two quotations.
See E. Galli della Loggia, L’identita italiana (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1998), 99
L. Musella, Il transformismo (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2003), 9, 173
G. Carocci, Storia d’ltalia dall’Unita ad oggi (Milan: Feltrinielli, 1975), 43.
Raffaele Romanelli, Il transformismo (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1990), 212.
Rosario Romeo, Cavour e il suo tempo (Bari: Laterza, 1969), 283.
Quoted by Giampiero Carocci, Agostino Depretis e la politica interna italiana: 1876–1887 (Turin: Einaudi, 1956), 612.
S. Romano, Histoire de Vltalie du Risorgimento à nos jours (Paris: Seuil, 1977), 72–74.
See Arturo Carlo Jemolo, Chiesa e Stato in Italia. Dall’unificazione ai giorni nostri (Turin: Einaudi, 1974), 3, 44.
Giorgio Candeloro, Il movimento cattolico in Italia (Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1982), 178
Gabriele de Rosa, I conservatori nazionali. Bio-grafia di Carlo Cantucci (Brescia: Morcelliana, 1962), 32–43.
Edoardo Soderini, Il pontificate di Leone XIII, vol. II (Milan: Mondadori, 1932), 20.
G. Candeloro, Il movimento cattolico in Italia (Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1982), 178.
Benedetto Croce, History of contemporary Italy (1871–1915) (Paris: Payot, 1929), 26.
Gianfranco Pasquino, “Interpretations du systeme politique italien” in L’ltalie aujourd’hui. Situation et perspectives apres le seisme des annees 90, ed. Manlio Graziano (Paris: L’Harmattan, 2004), 52.
C. Seton-Watson, L’Italia dal liberalismo al fascismo 1870–1925 (Bari: Laterza, 1973), 109 (original edition: Methuen, 1967)
V. Zamagni, Dalla periferia al centro. La seconda rinascita economica dell’Italia (1861–1990) (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1990), 210, 211.
S. Cassese, “Introduction,” in Portrait de I’ltalie actuelle (Paris: La documentation francaise, 2001), 13.
Arrigo Cervetto, “La tendenza generale del capitalismo italiano” in L’inegualesviluppo politico: 1968–1979 (Milan: Editore Lotta Comunista, 1991), 86.
S. Romano, L’ltalia scappata di mano (Milan: TEA Storica, 1995), 11.
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© 2010 Manlio Graziano
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Graziano, M. (2010). Transformism. In: The Failure of Italian Nationhood. Italian and Italian American Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230113060_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230113060_12
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