Abstract
This chapter provides insights into how the disciplines of anthropology and political science offer important ethnographic, cross-cultural, and holistic perspectives on conflict resolution and peace education. The elicitive approaches of both Paulo Freire and John Paul Lederach and their perspectives on conflict resolution and transformation techniques closely resonate with our project approaches. We illustrate these perspectives by offering examples from collaborative efforts that Northern Illinois University has undertaken in two capacity-building projects within civil society in the war-torn region of the southern Philippines. Our chapter reviews the state of conflict resolution within the broader field of anthropology and political science, how these frameworks are enacted in our programs, and their implications for peace education in higher education.
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Bibliography
Resources
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This is a site dedicated to a global mission of protecting human rights, abolishing war, and tackling problems that require nation-states to work together. It also supports democratic institutions and the rule of law in ways that respect the diversity and autonomy of national and local communities.
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Many indigenous peoples around the globe struggle for human rights, social justice, and survival. This site has numerous resources for those who are interested to support their struggle or to know more about these issues.
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The International Training Centre for Human Rights and Peace Education (CIFEDHOP) is a foundation created in 1987 under Swiss law by the World Association for the School as an Instrument of Peace (EIP), an international nongovernmental organization with consultative status with ECOSOC, UNESCO, the ILO, the Council of Europe, and the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights. CIFEDHOP is a multidisciplinary research and training center whose work is directed toward teachers and other professionals, educators, and researchers from both formal and nonformal educational sectors.
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The International Training Office and the Center for Southeast Asian Studies of Northern Illinois University has been implementing an annual peace education program focusing on inter-ethnic dialogue and conflict resolution since academic year 2003–2004. This link is a repository of its program-related publications.
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The University for Peace is a United Nations mandated Graduate School of Peace and Conflict Studies. This website provides information about its course offerings as well as the conceptual and operational definitions of peace in the different disciplines.
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The Worldwatch Institute is dedicated to ideas that empower policymakers to create an environmentally sustainable society that meets human needs. The site contains resources related to the challenges of climate change, resource degradation, population growth, and poverty.
Suggested Reading
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Conflict resolution is a main concern of political science and law. This book discusses the application, relevance, and sources of international law, illustrating that international human rights standards provide the framework for attaining justice and peace in the world.
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: The Seabury Press.
This is Freire’s best-known book. He opposed the culture of silence in a regular classroom setting. Freire criticized the “banking” method of education in which the all-knowing teacher deposits data in students who are treated as vaults where knowledge accumulates. His alternative is problem-solving education that helps students develop their critical consciousness as co-learners with teachers in efforts to work collectively for social change.
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In this book, Freire described the different levels of consciousness: from the lowest level (naïveté), where people cannot understand problems beyond their basic needs for food and shelter, to critical consciousness, where people have awakened understanding of the causes of their problems, while they interrogate, and work collectively for social change. Popular education plays an important role in raising consciousness.
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Goldstein, J. (2003). International relations. New York: Longman.
The author posits that peace does not only consist of the absence of war or nonviolence, but more importantly, it involves addressing the causes of armed conflict, such as poverty and injustice. In addition, peace movements play an important role in conflict resolution and transformation.
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This collection of essays provides a comprehensive overview of political violence in the region as well as the prospects for its management, resolution, or transformation.
Lederach, J. P. (1995). Preparing for peace: Conflict transformation across cultures. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
In this book, Lederach provides his framework for conflict transformation and specifically reviews his elicitive model.
Sponsel, L., and Gregor, T. (Eds.). (1994). The anthropology of peace and nonviolence. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
This book is a very useful introduction to the mutual relevance of anthropology and peace studies, focusing on the institutions in local societies that help contain violence.
Torres III, W. M. (Ed.). (2007). Rido: Clan feuding and conflict management in Mindanao. Manila: The Asia Foundation.
This book presents in-depth, real case studies of violent conflict in Mindanao, focusing on the dynamics of feuding and revenge killings as well as inter-tribal warfare. It also documents the myriad ways that diverse ethnic groups resolve (or fail to resolve) violence, so that effective and strategic intervention efforts can be designed.
Wolfe, A. W., & Yang, H. (Eds.). (1996). Anthropological contributions to conflict resolution. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
The essays in this book specifically focus on the contributions of anthropology to conflict resolution and present a compelling agenda for more applied research.
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© 2010 Candice C. Carter
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Russell, S.D., Ty, R. (2010). Conflict Transformation Efforts in the Southern Philippines. In: Carter, C.C. (eds) Conflict Resolution and Peace Education. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230107830_7
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