Abstract
The French branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, like the branches in other European countries, aims to establish an Islamic government and substitute the prevailing secular laws. In Europe, including France, the Muslim Brotherhood has used peaceful methods and even denied that it is seeking such an outcome. The organization’s declared aim instead is to “re-Islamize” Muslims and direct them as to how to behave religiously in countries where they are in minority and seek ways to preserve and abide by Islamic faith. The group also mobilizes Muslims on political issues elsewhere, in particular, over the Palestinian, Iraqi, Bosnian, and Afghan questions.
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Notes
John R. Bowen, Why the French Don’t Like Headscarves (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2007).
See Johannes Grundmann, Islamische Internationalisten-Strukturen und Aktivitäten der Muslimbruderschaft und der Islamischen Weltliga (Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2005).
For Caroline Fourest, Ramadan is a war leader and the political heir of his grandfather Hasan al-Banna, his discourse being often just a repetition of the discourse that al-Banna had at the beginning of the twentieth century in Egypt. According to her, Ramadan presents al-Banna as a model to be followed. From her perspective, “Tariq Ramadan is slippery. He says one thing to his faithful Muslim followers and something else entirely to his Western audience. His choice of words, the formulations he uses—even his tone of voice—vary, chameleon-like, according to his audience.” See Caroline Fourest, Brother Tariq: The Doublespeak of Tariq Ramadan (New York: Encounter Books, 2008). This picture is too Machiavellian to be entirely true.
See Fiammetta Venner, OPA sur l’Islam de France : Les ambitions de l’UOIF, Calmann-Lévy, May 2005.
See for this complex web of ambivalence and the appeal to jihadism Farhad Khosrokhavar, Inside Jihadism, Understanding Jihadi Movements Worldwide (New Haven, CT: Yale Cultural Sociology Series, Paradigm Publishers, 2009).
Tariq Oubrou, “La Shari’a de minorité: réflexions pour une intégration légale de l’islam,” in F. Frégosi (ed.), Lectures contemporaines du droit islamique- Europe et monde arabe (Strasbourg: PUS, 2004); Leila Babès et Tariq Oubrou, Loi d’Allah, loi des hommes-liberté, égalité et femmes en Islam (Paris, Albin Michel, 2002). See, for a summary, Alexandre Caeiro, “An Imam in France Tareq Oubrou,” ISIMReview, vol. 15 (Spring 2005).
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© 2010 Barry Rubin
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Khosrokhavar, F. (2010). The Muslim Brotherhood in France. In: Rubin, B. (eds) The Muslim Brotherhood. The Middle East in Focus. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230106871_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230106871_10
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