Abstract
In the fall of 1927, Thomas Gillespie took the stage to deliver the opening address at a Bible conference in Pittsburgh. Like many in his audience, Gillespie felt that the American norms and cultural values on which he had built a successful life and career had shifted out from under him. His aggressive, energetic leadership of one of the largest steel and iron firms in the region was still successful in the new age, but he nevertheless found himself under attack. Instead of his accustomed role as a respected businessman and pillar of the community, he squirmed awkwardly on the receiving end of public ridicule and attack. Why? Because of his sincere commitment to his conservative Presbyterian beliefs, which he thought reflected the best moral traditions of his country.
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Notes
Thomas J. Gillespie, “We Are Proud of the Names We Are Called,” Moody Bible Institute Monthly [Moody Monthly] 28 (January 1928): 215. Emphasis in original.
Carl F. H. Henry, The Uneasy Conscience of Modern Fundamentalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1947), xx.
Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again: The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 191–209.
James M. Gray, “Editorial Notes,” Moody Monthly 21 (October 1920): 54.
Ferenc M. Szasz, “Three Fundamentalist Leaders: The Roles of William Bell Riley, John Roach Straton, and William Jennings Bryan in the Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy” (PhD dissertation, University of Rochester, 1969), 213, 70.
William Vance Trollinger, Jr., God’s Empire: William Bell Riley and Midwestern Fundamentalism (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990), 63.
George W. McPherson, The Crisis in Church and College (Yonkers, NY: Yonkers Book Co., 1919), 195–96.
See Mina Carson, Settlement Folk: Social Thought and the American Settlement Movement, 1885–1930 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1990);
Molly Ladd-Taylor, Mother-Work: Women, Child Welfare, and the State, 1890–1930 (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1995);
Anthony M. Platt, The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency, rev. ed. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1977).
Louise Bowen, Safeguards to City Youth at Work and at Play (New York: MacMillan, 1914), 5.
William Edward Biederwolf, What About So-Called Christian Evolution? (Chicago, IL: Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1926), 4.
William Jennings Bryan, “The Danger of Reckless Teaching,” The Commoner 21 (December 1921): 11.
Virginia L. Brereton, Training God’s Army: The American Bible School, 1880–1940 (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1990), 87–91.
M. H. Duncan, Modern Education at the Cross-Roads (Chicago, IL: Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1925), 26, 27.
Susan Strasser, Satisfaction Guaranteed: The Making of the American Mass Market (New York: Pantheon Books, 1989), 99.
William Jennings Bryan, The Bible and Its Enemies: An Address Delivered at the Moody Bible Institute of Chicago (Chicago, IL: Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1921), 42.
Charlie Oakes in Michael Kazin, A Godly Hero: The Life of William Jennings Bryan (New York: Anchor Books, 2007), 300.
Alfred Fairhurst, Atheism in Our Universities (Cincinnati, OH: Standard Publishing Co., 1923), 120.
Curtis Lee Laws, Christian Fundamentals in School and Church [CFSC] 7 (October–December 1925): 66–67.
Jeffrey P. Moran, The Scopes Trial: A Brief History with Documents (Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s Press, 2002), 62;
Raymond D. Boisvert, John Dewey: Rethinking Our Time (Albany: State University of New York [SUNY] Press, 1998).
Robert H. Wiebe, The Search for Order, 1877–1920 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1967), 208. Wiebe described modernist Protestant theologians as “the honorary chairmen of progressivism.”
Evangelical Theological College: First Annual Announcement, 1924–1925 (Dallas, TX: Evangelical Theological College, 1925), 5; John D. Hannah, “The Social and Intellectual Origins of the Evangelical Theological College” (PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Dallas, 1988), 116–21, 148–95. Quotation is on page 159.
Lewis Sperry Chafer to J. Frank Norris, 13 November 1923, President’s Office Papers, Accession 2006–18, box 13, file 30, Archives, Dallas Theological Seminary; Lewis Sperry Chafer to A. C. Gaebelein, 13 November 1923; Lewis Sperry Chafer, “Careless Misstatements of Vital Truth,” Our Hope 30 (March 1924): 540–51.
Lewis Sperry Chafer, “Effective Ministerial Training,” Evangelical Theological College Bulletin 1 (May 1925): 7.
Rollin T. Chafer, “Editorial Comment: Spirit-Directed Intellectuality,” Evangelical Theological College Bulletin 4 (May 1928): 3.
Rollin T. Chafer, “Editorial Comment: Literary Bunk and Hokum Exposed,” Evangelical Theological College Bulletin 5 (November 1928): 2.
Rollin T. Chafer, “Superiority Complex of Teachers of Naturalism,” Evangelical Theological College Bulletin 7 (June 1931): 2–4.
George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870–1925 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 174.
J. Gresham Machen, Christianity and Liberalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1923), 14–15.
J. Gresham Machen and Charles P. Fagnani, “Does Fundamentalism Obstruct Social Progress?” Survey Graphic 5 (July 1924): 391; Machen to R. S. Kellerman, 7 October 1924, J. Gresham Machen Papers, Montgomery Library archive, Westminster Theological Seminary, Philadelphia; Machen to John Holliday Latane, 5 November 1928, Machen papers.
D. G. Hart, “J. Gresham Machen, Confessional Presbyterianism, and the History of Twentieth-Century Protestantism,” in Re-Forming the Center: American Protestantism, 1900 to the Present, ed. Douglas Jacobsen and William Vance Trollinger Jr. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1998), 129.
James M. Gray, “Editor’s Note,” Moody Monthly 28 (January 1928): 215.
James M. Gray, “Scholarship and Evangelical Christianity,” Moody Monthly 29 (October 1928): 53.
See, for example, James M. Gray, “Editorial Notes,” Moody Monthly 25 (August 1925): 533.
James M. Gray, “Editorial Notes” Moody Monthly 26 (October 1925): 48.
J. C. O’Hair, “Why I Am a Fundamentalist,” Moody Monthly 27 (August 1927): 576–78.
J. H. Ralston, “Our Monthly Potpourri,” Moody Monthly 26 (May 1926): 428.
Clarence H. Benson, “Our Monthly Potpourri,” Moody Monthly 27 (May 1927): 440.
James M. Gray, “Editorial Notes” Moody Monthly 26 (October 1925): 47.
James M. Gray, “Editorial Notes,” Moody Monthly 26 (April 1926): 364.
James M. Gray, “Editorial Notes,” Moody Monthly 27 (August 1927): 569.
James M. Gray, “Editorial Notes, Moody Monthly 27 (June 1927): 472.
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© 2010 Adam Laats
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Laats, A. (2010). Fundamentalists Outside the New Fundamentalism. In: Fundamentalism and Education in the Scopes Era. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230106796_11
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