Abstract
The discourse of International Relations, or at least that part of it concerned with the nature and evolution of the states-system, constructs theory on the grounds of the territorial a priori. Territory is conceived of as a material object, a portion of the earth’s surface, a universal sine qua non of political community. In this chapter I want to propose an alternative understanding of territory that counters the claims inherent in the territorial a priori. First, against the assertion that territory is an objective material resource, I want to recast it as an idea, a component of the social imaginary that is produced in discourse. Second, rather than conceiving of territory exclusively from within the paradigm of political theory, I shall propose that discourses of territoriality, which produce and naturalize the politics of space, need to be related to the ideas and practices that permeate a society’s culture of space. Third, I question the assumption that territory is a universal feature of human society shared by all political communities. Rather, I shall suggest that since the territorial imaginary is a cultural product it changes as societies develop new representations and understandings of their being-in-space.
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Notes
Robert David Sack, Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), p. 5.
Robert David Sack, Conceptions of Space in Social Thought: A Geographic Perspective (London: Macmillan, 1980), pp. 40–41.
David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992), p. 4.
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Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, tr. Robert Hurley (London: Athlone Press, 1984);
and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, tr. Brian Massumi (London: Athlone Press, 1988).
Stephen Kern, The Culture of Time and Space 1880–1918 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), p. 4.
John Gerard Ruggie, “Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations,” International Organization, 47:1, 1993, pp. 139–74.
Foucault, quoted in J. G. Merquior, Foucault (London: Fontana, 1981), p. 36.
Michel Foucault, The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, tr. Alan Sheridan (London: Routledge, 1970), pp. 54 and x.
For a discussion of the Aristotelian territorial legacy, see Edward Shils, Center and Periphery: Essays in Macrosociology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975).
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Ruggie’s citations are from Joseph H. Strayer and Dana C. Munro, The Middle Ages (New York: Appleton Century Crofts, 1959), p. 115;
and Perry Anderson, Lineages of the Absolutist State (London: New Left Review, 1974), pp. 37–38. See Ruggie, “Territoriality and Beyond,” pp. 149–50.
John Gerard Ruggie, “Continuity and Transformation in the World Polity: Towar ds a Neorealist Synthesis,” in Neorealism and Its Critics, ed. Robert O. Keohane (New York: Columbia University Press), 131–57, at 143.
Eugene W. Holland, “Deterritorializing ‘Deterritorialization’: From the Anti-Oedipus to A Thousand Plateaus,” SubStance, 20:3, 1991, pp. 55–65, at p. 63.
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© 2010 Jeremy Larkins
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Larkins, J. (2010). Theorizing Territoriality: Discourse, Culture, History. In: From Hierarchy to Anarchy. Palgrave Macmillan History of International Thought Series. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230101555_3
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