Skip to main content
  • 62 Accesses

Abstract

In her history of the Bloomington schools, Raymond writes with passion and excitement about beginning this new position, but also honestly about the challenges that awaited her. She knew the issues and the local papers highlighted them. The community was concerned about her ability as a woman to lead, there was a desire to employ male teachers, and there were issues over curriculum and the mismanagement of funds by the previous superintendent.

This was the first time in the history of this county that a lady had been invited to hold so responsible a post. Active teaching had been so fascinating a profession to me, it was with many questionings in my own heart, that I accepted the very high compliment paid me by the board, but trusted and hoped that all might be as agreeable as my earlier experiences. As I took my seat only a few days before the opening of the school year, I found myself in the midst of the following conditions: out of the 53 teachers employed there were no male teachers, a change had been made in June regarding discontinuing the McGuffey Reader, book keeping errors, a large debt, a disorganized course of study, and aware that many felt a woman could not handle this job.”1

Education is to train individual humans to work for the betterment of all others of their community and of the world.

—Sarah Raymond, First Annual Report of Bloomington Schools, 1876–77

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Sarah Raymond Fitzwilliam, “History of the Public Schools of Bloomington,” Transactions of the McLean County Historical Society Volume II (Bloomington: Pantagraph Printing, 1903), 62.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Homer Hurst, Illinois State Normal University and the Public Normal School Movement (Nashville: George Peadbody College for Teachers, 1948), 27.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Sarah E. Raymond, Fifth Annual Report of the Bloomington Public Schools for the Year Ending June 10th, 1881 (Bloomington, IL: Bulletin Printing and Publishing, 1881), 14.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sarah E. Raymond, Sixth Annual Report of the Bloomington Public Schools for the Year Ending June 8th, 1882 (Bloomington, IL: Bulletin Printing and Publishing, 1882), 15.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sarah E. Raymond, Seventh Annual Report of the Bloomington Public Schools for the Year Ending June 8th, 1883 (Bloomington, IL: Bulletin Co., Printers and Publishers, 1883), 5.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Sandra Harmon, “The Voice, Pen and Influence of Our Women are Abroad in the Land: Women and the Illinois State University, 1857–1899,” in Nineteenth-Century Women Learn to Write, ed. Catherine Hobbs (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1995), 87; and Proceedings of the Board of Education, December 8, 1897 (Springfield, IL: Phillips Brothers, 1898), 6–7.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Carl Degler, At Odds: Women and the Family in America from the Revolution to the Present (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980), 309.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sarah E. Raymond, Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Annual Reports of the Bloomington Public Schools for the Years 1884, 1885 and 1886 (Bloomington, IL: Leader Publishing Col, Printers, 1886), 10–11.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Sarah E. Raymond, Fifteenth Annual Report of the Bloomington Public Schools for the Year 1890–1891 (Bloomington, IL: The Leader, Printers, 1891), 11.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Sarah E. Raymond, Eleventh Annual Report of the Bloomington Public Schools for the Years 1886 and 87 (Bloomington, IL: Leader Publishing Co., Printers, 1887), 6.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sarah E. Raymond, Twelfth Annual Report of the Bloomington Public Schools for the Year 1887 and 1888 (Bloomington, IL: Leader Publishing Co., 1888), 3 and 6.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Sarah E. Raymond, Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bloomington Public Schools for the Year1888 and 1889 (Bloomington, IL: Pantagraph Printing and Stationery Co., 1890), 19.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sarah E. Raymond, Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bloomington Public Schools for the Year1891–1892 (Bloomington, IL: The Leader, Printers, 1892), 34–35.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Steven Tozer, School and Society: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (Boston: McGraw Hill, 2006), 38.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sarah Raymond, Rules and Regulations, Manual of Instruction to Teachers, and Graded Course of Study of the Public Schools of Bloomington (Bloomington, IL: Bulletin Printing, 1883), 60.

    Google Scholar 

  16. James Loewen, The Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Thomas Dynneson, Richard Gross, and Michael Berson, Designing Effective Instruction for Secondary Social Studies (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Copyright information

© 2009 Monica Cousins Noraian

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Noraian, M.C. (2009). Superintendent of Bloomington Schools. In: Women’s Rights, Racial Integration, and Education from 1850–1920. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230101449_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics