Conclusion

Abstract

A complete review of the facts and arguments discussed in the preceding chapters shows that the relationship between Europe and Cuba is a classic result of the “multilevel governance” that is the trademark of the EU, if not Europe itself. This profile is applied to European interstate exchanges. Above all, on a theoretical level there would be an obvious irreplaceable actor leading the operation that has been called “constructive engagement.” The EU as a collective entity, personified by its most prominent and decisive institutions, would play that role. But within the complex structure the different pieces of the EU puzzle exert varied degrees of influence, according to national components or levels of power and influence.