Abstract
During war, American democracy is imperiled less by external threats than by demands for internal conformity that restrict free speech. Despite the mythic belief that America’s wars extend democracy and preserve civil liberties, they frequently are accompanied by rampant nationalism that dehumanizes the enemy and demands reverential patriotism. “War is the health of the state” was the sardonic observation of essayist and progressive intellectual Randolph Bourne during World War I when ruling elites maximized their power by seeking total allegiance to the state.1 Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler abolished academic freedom on his campus in 1917 during the Great War when he issued at commencement a “warning to any among us… who are not with whole heart and mind and strength committed to fight with us to make the whole world safe for democracy/’2
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Notes
Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States (New York: HarperCollins, 2001), 297.
Robert Post, “The Structure of Academic Freedom,” in Academic Freedom after September 11, ed. Beshara Doumani (Brooklyn: Zone Books, 2006), 61.
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Colin Wright, “Editorial Introduction”; “Campus Watch: Surveying a Non-Apologetic Solidarity,” Situation Analysis 3 (Spring 2004): 1–20.
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John Chalberg, Emma Goldman (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), 144
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© 2009 Matthew J. Morgan
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Kirstein, P.N. (2009). Challenges to Academic Freedom since 9/11. In: Morgan, M.J. (eds) The Impact of 9/11 and the New Legal Landscape. The Day that Changed Everything?. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230100053_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230100053_5
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
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