Skip to main content

Unbecomings in East Asian Women’s Cinema: Naomi Kawase, Yim Soon-rye, and Li Yu

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of Asian Cinema

Abstract

This chapter examines the ways East Asian women filmmakers Naomi Kawase, Yim soon-rye, and Li Yu envisage conditions of possibility for indecorous femininities to breach patriarchal expectation. Generating images of corporeal disobedience, Kawase, Yim, and Li negotiate representations of girlhood and womanhood against Confucianist, neoliberal, and male-directed images of women, revealing femininity in multiplicity as well as the implications of unbecoming women in the global age. In addition to producing novel representations of indecent girlhood and womanhood, Kawase, Yim, and Li also resist clarity, linearity, and expected cinematic pleasures—opting to produce uncooperative authorships and disobedient film forms. Through structures of aggression, comic unruliness, and generic allegory, the films of Kawase, Yim, and Li demonstrate the ways contemporary East Asian women’s cinema can offer new kinds of being-in-the-world and modes of engagement with cinematic un-femininities. Sharing a politics of discontent and an anti-social aesthetics of negative affects and formal insubordination, all three filmmakers seek to destabilize gendered sociality and heteronormativity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Anagnost, Ann. 2014. Introduction: Life-Making in Neoliberal Times. In Global Futures in East Asia: Youth, Nation, and the New Economy in Uncertain Times, ed. Ann Anagnost, Andrea Arai, and Hai Ren, 1–28. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ang, Ien. 2013. No Longer Chinese? Residual Chineseness After the Rise of China. In Diasporic Chineseness After the Rise of China, ed. Kam Louie, Julia Kuehn, and David Promfet, 17–31. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barthes, Roland. 1981. Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography, trans. Richard Howard. New York: Hill and Wang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beauvoir, Simone de. 2011 (1949). The Second Sex, trans. Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevallier. New York: Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, Chris, and Mary Farquhar. 2006. China on Screen: Cinema and Nation. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw, Peter. 2014. Cannes 2014 Review: Still the Water—Come on in, the Daughter’s Lovely. The Guardian, May 20, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/20/still-the-water-cannes-review-2014. Accessed 19 Apr 2017.

  • Braidotti, Rosi. 2002. Metamorphoses: Towards a Materialist Theory of Becoming. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burch, Noël. 2014. Theory of Film Practice. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, Judith. 1993. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex”. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, Iain. 2008. Migrancy, Culture, Identity. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Choe, Steve. 2007. Kim Ki-Duk’s Cinema of Cruelty: Ethics and Spectatorship in the Global Economy. Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 15 (1): 65–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chow, Rey. 1995. Primitive Passions: Visuality, Sexuality, Ethnography, and Contemporary Chinese Cinema. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cixous, Hélène. 1997. Sorties: Out and Out: Attacks/Ways Out/Forays. In The Logic of the Gift: Toward an Ethic of Generosity, ed. Alan D. Schrift, 148–173. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, Paul. 2008. The Chinese Cultural Revolution: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, Donald. 2014. Review: Still the Water. The Irish Times, May 21, https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/review-still-the-water-1.1804121. Accessed 19 Apr 2017.

  • Cook, Adam. 2015. Why Does the Cannes Film Festival Keep Programming Naomi Kawase’s Movies? IndieWire, May 17, http://www.indiewire.com/2015/05/why-does-the-cannes-film-festival-keep-programming-naomi-kawases-movies-61786/. Accessed 19 Apr 2017.

  • Cui, Shuqin. 2003. Women Through the Lens: Gender and Nation in a Century of Chinese Cinema. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cui, Shuqin. 2011. Searching for Female Sexuality and Negotiating with Feminism: Li Yu’s Film Trilogy. In Chinese Women’s Cinema: Transnational Contexts, ed. Lingzhen Wang, 213–234. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, Jennifer. 2013. Hold It Against Me: Difficulty and Emotion in Contemporary Art. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, Russell. 2007. The Mourning Forest (Mogari No Mori). Variety, May 30, 33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eldridge, Robert D. 2004. The Return of the Amami Islands: The Reversion Movement and US–Japan Relations. Lanham: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elley, Derek. 2000. Hotaru. Variety, September 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, Adrienne, and Sarah Riley. 2014. Technologies of Sexiness: Sex, Identity, and Consumer Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Freiner, Nicole L. 2012. The Social and Gender Politics of Confucian Nationalism: Women and the Japanese Nation-State. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Freud, Sigmund. 2009 (1917). Mourning and Melancholia. In On Freud’s “Mourning and Melancholia”, ed. Ethel Spector Person, Leticia Glocer Fiorini, Thierry Bokanowski, and Sergio Lewkowicz, 19–36. London: Karnac Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halberstam, Judith. 2011. The Queer Art of Failure. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, Leon, and Leung Wing-Fai. 2012. East Asian Cinemas: Exploring Transnational Connections on Film. New York: I.B.Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Introduction: About the Commission. n.d. National Human Rights Commission of the Republic of Korea, http://www.humanrights.go.kr/site/homepage/menu/viewMenu?menuid=002001001001. Accessed 19 Apr 2017.

  • Karatsu, Rie. 2009. Questions for a Women’s Cinema: Fact, Fiction and Memory in the Films of Naomi Kawase. Visual Anthropology 22 (2–3): 167–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Jinwung. 2012. A History of Korea. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Kyung Hyun. 2004. The Remasculinization of Korean Cinema. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Hyangjin. 2000. Contemporary Korean Cinema: Culture, Identity and Politics. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Maggie. 2014. Film Review: ‘Still the Water’. Variety. May 20. http://variety.com/2014/film/asia/cannes-film-review-still-the-water-1201186839/. Accessed 17 Apr 2014.

  • Li, Li, and Mila Zuo. 2014. Darao de yishu—daoyan Li Yu zhuanfang ‘打扰’的艺术-—导演李玉专访 [An Art that Disturbs: An Exclusive Interview with Director Li Yu] 当代电影 [Contemporary Cinema journal] 218 (5): 73–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim, Bliss Cua. 2001. Dolls in Fragments: Daisies as Feminist Allegory. Camera Obscura 16 (2): 1–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, Song Hwee. 2006. Celluloid Comrades: Representations of Male Homosexuality in Contemporary Chinese Cinemas. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lionnet, Françoise, and Shu-mei Shih. 2005. Introduction Through the Minor, Transnationally. In Minor Transnationalism, eds. Françoise Lionnet and Shu-mei Shih, 1–26. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makeham, John. 2003. Introduction. In New Confucianism: A Critical Examination, ed. John Makeham, 1–22. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, Julia. 2012. Animal Magnetism: On South Korean Director Yim Soon-rye. Metro Magazine, 58–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei-hui Yang, Mayfair. 1999. From Gender Erasure to Gender Difference: State Feminism, Consumer Sexuality, and Women’s Public Sphere. In Spaces of Their Own: Women’s Public Sphere in Transnational China, ed. Mayfair Mei-hui Yang, 35–67. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nafus, Chale. n.d. Lost in Beijing (Ping Guo): Written and Directed by Li Yu. In Austin Film Society. Austinfilmsociety.org. Accessed 19 Apr 2017.

  • Nangiana, Umer. 2016. Kawase and the Art of Filmmaking. The Gulf Times, March 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenlee, Li-Hsiang Lisa. 2006. Confucianism and Women: A Philosophical Interpretation. Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, Kathleen. 1995. The Unruly Woman: Gender and the Genres of Laughter. Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sloniowski, Jeannette. 2014. It Was an Atrocious Film: George Franju’s Blood of the Beasts. In Documenting the Documentary: Close Readings of Documentary Film and Video, ed. Barry Keith Grant and Jeannette Sloniowski, 159–177. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Standish, Isolde. 2000. Myth and Masculinity in the Japanese Cinema: Towards a Political Reading of the ‘Tragic Hero’. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tieryas, Peter. 2014. Double Xposure Directed by Li Yu. Entropy, April 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsui, Clarence. 2011. Cut to the Chaste; for Years Celebrated Chinese Filmmaker Li Yu Fought a Running Battle with Mainland Censors. Now Her Firebrand Days Are Behind Her and All She Wants Is a Break. South China Morning Post, May 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsui, Clarence. 2017. ‘Radiance’ (‘Hikari’): Film Review | Cannes 2017. The Hollywood Reporter. May 23. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/radiance-hikari-review-1006195. Accessed 19 Apr 2017.

  • Tu, Wei-ming (ed.). 1996. Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity: Moral Education and Economic Culture in Japan and the Four Mini-Dragons. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Lingzhen (ed.). 2011. Chinese Women’s Cinema: Transnational Contexts. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, Brenda R. 2009. Makeover TV: Selfhood, Citizenship, and Celebrity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wei, S. Louisa. 2011. Women’s Trajectories in Chinese and Japanese Cinemas: A Chronological Overview. In Dekalog 4: On East Asian Filmmakers, ed. Kate E. Taylor, 13–44. London: Wallflower.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei, S. Louisa, Komatsu Ran, and Yang Yuanying. 2011. An Interview with Naomi Kawase. In Dekalog 4: On East Asian Filmmakers, ed. Kate E. Taylor. London: Wallflower.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xianlin, Song. 2003. Reconstructing the Confucian Ideal in 1980s China: The ‘Culture Craze’ and New Confucianism. In New Confucianism: A Critical Examination, ed. John Makeham, 81–104. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiaojiang, Li. 1999. With What Discourse Do We Reflect on Chinese Women? Thoughts on Transnational Feminism in China. In Spaces of Their Own: Women’s Public Sphere in Transnational China, ed. Mayfair Mei-hui Yang, 261–277. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Gary, and Susan Feiner. 2007. Meinü Jingji/China’s Beauty Economy: Buying Looks, Shifting Value, and Changing Place. Feminist Economics 13 (3–4): 307–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yano, Christine R. 2013. Pink Globalization: Hello Kitty’s Trek Across the Pacific. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoo-ran, Lee. 2008. Lim Soon-Rye, trans. Shin Mi-kyung. The Korean Film Directors Series. Seoul: Korean Film Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshimoto, Mitsuhiro. 1993. Melodrama, Postmodernism, and Japanese Cinema. In Melodrama and Asian Cinema, ed. Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto, 101–126. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Filmography

  • Blood of the Beasts (Les Sang Des Bêtes). Directed by Georges Franju. 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buddha Mountain (觀音山). Directed by Li Yu. 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daisies (Sedmikrásky). Directed by Vêra Chitylová. 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dam Street (紅顏). Directed by Li Yu. 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Double Xposure (二次曝光). Directed by Li Yu. 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Embracing (Ni tsutsumarete). Directed by Naomi Kawase. 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ever Since We Loved (萬物生長). Directed by Li Yu. 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Firefly (Hotaru). Directed by Naomi Kawase. 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish and Elephant (今年夏天). Directed by Li Yu. 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forever the Moment (Uri saengae choego-ui sungan). Directed by Yim Soon-rye. 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furious 7. Directed by James Wan. 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • If You Were Me (Yeoseot gae ui siseon). Directed by Yim Soon-rye, Jeong Jae-eun, Park Chan-wook, Park Jin-pyo, Park Kwang-su, and Yeo Kyun-dong. 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeping the Vision Alive—Women in Korean Filmmaking (Areumdaun saengjon). Directed by Yim Soon-rye. 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lost in Beijing (蘋果). Directed by Li Yu. 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mourning Forest (Mogari no mori). Directed by Naomi Kawase. 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nanayo. Directed by Naomi Kawase. 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Promenade in the Rain (Wujungsanchaek). Directed by Yim Soon-rye. 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rolling Home with a Bull (Sowa hamgge yeonghaenghaneun beom). Directed by Yim Soon-rye. 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Still the Water (Futatsume no mado). Directed by Naomi Kawase. 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzaku (Moe no suzaku). Directed by Naomi Kawase. 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarachime. Directed by Naomi Kawase. 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Three Friends (Saechingu). Directed by Yim Soon-rye. 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Un Chien Andalou (An Andalusian Dog). Directed by Luis Buñuel. 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waikiki Brothers (Waikiki beuradeoseu). Directed by Yim Soon-rye. 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • The “Weight” of Her (Geunyeoui muge). Directed by Yim Soon-rye. 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Whistleblower (Jeboja). Directed by Yim Soon-rye. 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • The White-Haired Girl (白毛女). Directed by Bin Wang and Hua Shui. 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiu Xiu: The Sent-Down Girl (天浴). Directed by Joan Chen. 1998.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mila Zuo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Zuo, M. (2018). Unbecomings in East Asian Women’s Cinema: Naomi Kawase, Yim Soon-rye, and Li Yu. In: Magnan-Park, A., Marchetti, G., Tan, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Asian Cinema. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95822-1_26

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics