Skip to main content
  • 381 Accesses

Abstract

The idea for this book emerged in a singular moment. During the third year of my doctoral program in psychology, I worked as an intern for an African American agency in the inner city of Portland, Oregon, where I primarily conducted psychological evaluations. In my mind’s eye, I can still see Ron, my supervisor, sitting behind his desk, legs crossed, with the top of his head peeking out above the 25-page psychological report I had just written. It had taken me weeks to write the report; I had combed over every piece of data and synthesized every important detail of this young man’s life, drawing on information from a comprehensive psychological assessment battery. In my review of the results, I was careful to consider the test scores from a “cultural perspective,” especially regarding the normative data for African American performance on psychometric measures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adebimpe, V. R. (1981). Overview: White norms and psychiatric diagnosis of Black patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138(3), 279–285.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, M. (2012). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New York, NY: New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkins-Loria, S. (2014). Defining suffering: Young African American men and conduct disorder. Unpublished master’s thesis. Smith College, Northampton, MA. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.smith.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1829&context=theses

  • Atkins-Loria, S., Macdonald, H., & Mitterling, C. (2015). African American young men and the diagnosis of conduct disorder: The neo-colonization of suffering. Clinical Journal of Social Work, 43(4), 431–441. doi:10.1007/s10615–015–0531–8.

  • August, P. (2011). Writing the vignette: The reversing of the subjective. Paper presented at the Psychology and the Other Conference, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. London, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatia, S. (2002). Orientalism in Euro-American and Indian psychology: Historical representations of “natives” in colonial and postcolonial contexts. History of Psychology, 5(4), 376–398. doi:10.1037//1093–4510.5.4.376.

  • Bhatia, S., & Ram, A. (2001). Rethinking “acculturation” in relation to diasporic cultures and postcolonial identities. Human Development, 44, 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, M., & Guterman, N. B. (2007). Diagnosing conduct problems of children and adolescents in residential treatment. Child Youth Care Forum, 36, 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarty, D. (2000). Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial thought and historical difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cushman, P. (1995). Constructing the self, constructing America: A cultural history of psychotherapy. Garden City, NY: DaCapo Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cushman, P. (2013, August). “Your cheatin’ heart”: From scientism to medicalization to an unethical psychotherapy. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Convention, Honolulu, HI.

    Google Scholar 

  • DelBello, M. P., Lopez-Larson, M. P., Soutullo, C. A., & Strakowski, S. M. (2001). Effects of race on psychiatric diagnosis of hospitalized adolescents: A retrospective chart review. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 11(1), 95–103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, J., & Durrheim, K. (2000). Displacing place-identity: A discursive approach to locating self and other. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39(1), 27–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fanon, F. (1967). Black skin, white masks. New York, NY: Grove Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanon, F. (1986). The wretched of the earth. New York, NY: Grove Press. (Original work published 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feisthamel, K. P., & Schwartz, R. C. (2009). Differences in mental health counselors’ diagnoses based on client race: An investigation of adjustment, childhood, and substance-related disorders. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 31(1), 47–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finn, S. E. (2007). In our client’s shoes: Theory and techniques of therapeutic assessment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finn, S. E., Fischer, C., & Handler, L. (2012). Collaborative/therapeutic assessment: A casebook and guide. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finn, S. E., & Tonsager, M. (1997). Information-gathering and therapeutic models of assessment: Complementary paradigms. Psychological Assessment, 9(4), 374–385. doi:10.1037/1040–3590.9.4.374.

  • Fischer, C. T. (1970). The testee as co-evaluator. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 17(1), 70–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, C. T. (1973a). Contextual approach to assessment. Community Mental Health Journal, 9(1), 38–45. doi:10.1007/BF01441433.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, C. T. (1973b). Intelligence contra IQ: A human science critique and alternative to the natural science approach to man. Human Development, 16(1–2), 8–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, C. T. (1976). Undercutting the scientist-professional dichotomy: The reflective psychologist. Clinical Psychologist, 29(4), 5–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, C. T. (1979). Individualized assessment and phenomenological psychology. Journal of Personality Assessment, 43(2), 115–122. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4302_1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, C. T. (1994). Individualizing psychological assessment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. (Original work published 1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, C. T. (2000). Collaborative, individualized assessment. Journal of Personality A Assessment, 74(1), 2–14. doi:10.1207/S15327752JPA740102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1970). The order of things: An archaeology of the human sciences. New York, NY: Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, M. (2013). The priority of the other: Thinking and living beyond the self. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gilroy, P. (2006). Multiculture in times of war: An inaugural address given at the London School of Economics. Critical Quarterly, 48(4), 27–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, D. M. (2012). The demanded self: Levinasian ethics and identity in psychology. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Handler, L. (2006). The use of therapeutic assessment with children and adolescents. In S. Smith & L. Handler (Eds.), The clinical assessment of children and adolescents: A practitioner’s guide (pp. 53–72). New York, NY: Taylor and Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, S. (Ed.). (2003). The feminist standpoint theory reader: Intellectual and political controversies. London, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henggeler, S. W., & Sheidow, A. J. (2003). Conduct disorder and delinquency. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(4), 505–522.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hook, D. (Ed.). (2004). Introduction to critical psychology. Cape Town, South Africa: University of Cape Town Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hook, D. (2005). A critical psychology of the postcolonial. Theory and Psychology, 15(4), 475–503. doi:10.1177/0959354305054748.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hook, D. (2008). Fantasmatic transactions: On the presence of apartheid ideology. Subjectivity, 24(1), 275–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hook, D. (2012). A critical psychology of the postcolonial. London & New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hook, D. (2013). (Post)apartheid conditions. London, UK: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hook, D., & Truscott, R. (2013). Fanonian ambivalence: On psychoanalysis and postcolonial critique. Journal of Theoretical Psychology, 33(3), 155–169. doi:10.1037/a0033557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kilgus, M. D., Pumariega, A. J., & Cuffe, S. P. (1995). Influence of race on diagnosis in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34(1), 67–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinman, A. M. (1977). Depression, somatization and the new cross-cultural psychiatry. Social Science & Medicine, 11(1), 3–10. doi:10.1016/0037–7856(77)90138-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kunz, G. (1998). The paradox of power and weakness. New York, NY: SUNY Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Layton, L. (2002). Cultural hierarchies, splitting, and the heterosexist unconscious. In S. Fairfield, L. Layton, & C. Stack (Eds.), Bringing the plague. Toward a postmodern psychoanalysis (pp. 195–223). New York: Other Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Layton, L. (2006). Attacks on linking: The unconscious pull to dissociatiate individuals from their social context. In L. Layton, N. C. Hollander, & S. Gutwill (Eds.), Psychoanalysis, class and politics. Encounters in the clinical setting (pp. 107–117). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levinas, E. (1969). Totality and infinity (A. Lingis, Trans.). Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press. (Original work published 1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald, H. (2010). Levinas in the hood: Portable social justice. Humanistic Psychologist, 39, 305–311. doi:10.1080/08873267.2011.618044.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandell, D. S., Ittenbach, R. F., Levy, S. E., & Pinto-Martin, J. A. (2007). Disparities in diagnosis received prior to a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1795–1802.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, P. (2008). Being for the other: Emmanuel Levinas, ethical living, and psychoanalysis. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mbembe, A. (2001). On the postcolony. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, B., Fong, T., & Rosenblatt, E. (2016). Assessing children in the urban community. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metzl, J. (2009). Protest psychosis: How schizophrenia became a Black disease. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neighbors, H. W., Trierweiler, S. J., Ford, B. C., & Muroff, J. R. (2003). Racial differences in DSM diagnosis using a semi-structured instrument: The importance of clinical judgment in the diagnosis of African Americans. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44(3), 237–256.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, G. & Prilleltensky, I. (2010). Community psychology: In pursuit of well-being (2nd ed.). London, UK; New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orange, D. (2011). The suffering stranger: Hermeneutics for everyday clinical practice. New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parham, T. A. (2002). Counseling persons of African descent: Raising the bar on practitioner competence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, I. (2015). Politics and “applied psychology”? Theoretical concepts that question the disciplinary community. Theory and Psychology, 25(6), 719–734. doi:10.1177/0959354315592173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Presley, G., Smith, C., Hilsenroth, M., & Exner, J. (2001). Clinical utility of the Rorschach with African Americans. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77(3), 491–507.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prilleltensky, I., & Nelson, G. (2002). Doing psychology critically: Making a difference in diverse settings. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rappaport, J. (1977). Community psychology: Values, research, and action. New York: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seedat, M., & Lazarus, S. (2011). Community psychology in South Africa: origins, developments, and manifestations. Journal of Community Psychology, 39(3), 241–257. doi:10.1002/jcop.20429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shelby, T. (2007). Justice, deviance, and the dark ghetto. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 35(2), 126–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A. (1991). Thinking through cultures: Expeditions in cultural psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spivak, G. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the interpretation of culture (pp. 271–313). Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan Education.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, C. M. (2010). Whistling Vivaldi: How stereotypes affect us and what we can do. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 797–811.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teo, T. (2015). Critical psychology: A geography of intellectual engagement and resistance. American Psychologist, 70(3), 243–254. doi:10.1037/a0038727.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, M., Gooden, A. M. C., & Davis, D. (2012). African Americans, European Americans and pathological stereotypes: An African centered perspective. In G. R. Hayes & M. H. Bryant (Eds.), Psychology of culture. New York: Nova Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, P., Hoven, C. W., Bird, H. R., Moore, R. E., Cohen, P., Alegria, M., et al. (1999). Depressive and disruptive disorders and mental health service utilization in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(9), 1081–1090.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 2016 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Macdonald, H. (2016). Introduction. In: Cultural and Critical Explorations in Community Psychology. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95038-6_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics