Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Faith-Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan pp 273–311Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

The Shias of Pakistan: Mapping an Altruistic Genocide

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

In “The Shias of Pakistan: Mapping an Altruistic Genocide”, Abbas Zaidi critically examines the Shia genocide taking place in Pakistan. Claiming that the existing definitions of genocide are monolithic grand narratives, he refines the definition by contextualizing it with reference to the Shia genocide. One of the salient features of his proposal is that it explores genocide as being altruistic. Zaidi also investigates how power alignments play their part in defining genocide. Unlike previous studies on genocide, the chapter proposes a model of genocide and explores the Shia genocide by referencing it.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahmad, I. (1978). Caste and social stratification among Muslims in India. New Delhi: Manohar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, L. (2013, December 21). Pakistani media ignores Altaf Hussain Durrani, a Shia police officer beheaded and cut up by Deobandi terrorists. Let Us Build Pakistan. http://lubpak.com/archives/298799

  • Ahmed, K. (2011). Sectarian war: Pakistan’s Sunni-Shia violence and its link with the Middle East. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, K. (2013, March 30). Sectarian violence in Pakistan. Economic and Political Weekly. http://www.epw.in/commentary/sectarian-violence-pakistan.html

  • Ahmed, K. (2014, March 11). Hunting the Hazaras. Newsweek Pakistan. http://newsweekpakistan.com/hunting-the-hazara/

  • Ahmed, M. (2004). Faisalabad Division ke Siasat per Biradarism kay Asraat [Effects of the caste system on the politics of Faisalabad]. Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Political Science, B Z University, Multan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali, N. (2008). Outrageous state, sectarianized citizens: Deconstructing the ‘Textbook Controversy’ in the Northern Areas, Pakistan. South Asian Multidisciplinary Academic Juornal. Url: http://samaj.revues.org/1172 Accessed on 16 August 2016. DOI : 10.4000/samaj.1172. Online since 31 December 2008, connection on 16 August 2016.

  • Alo M. (2013, May 28). 50th anniversary of the Theri Massacre. Let Us Build Pakistan. http://lubpak.com/archives/266633

  • Andreopoulos, G. J. (Ed.). (1997). Genocide: Conceptual and historical dimensions. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baloch, Saher. (2010, July 31). Surgical strikes. Newsline. http://www.newslinemagazine.com/2010/07/surgical-strikes/

  • Brass, P. (2003). The partition of India and retributive genocide in the Punjab, 1946–47: Means, methods, and purposes. Journal of Genocide Research, 5(1), 71–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Card, C. (2003). Genocide and social death. Hypatia, 18(1), 63–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chalk, F., & Jonassohn, K. (1990). The history and sociology of genocide. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charny, I. W. (1997). Towards a generic definition of genocide. In G. J. Andreopoulos (Ed.), Genocide: Conceptual and historical dimensions (pp. 64–94). Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, N., & Dietrich, H. (1999). Latin America: From colonization to globalization. Minneapolis: Ocean Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, N. (2013). The essential Chomsky. New York: The New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clastres, P. (1994). Archaeology of violence (J. Herman, Trans.). New York: Semiotext(e).

    Google Scholar 

  • Coll, S. (2005). Ghost wars: The secret history of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A. D. (2009). The geography of genocide. New York: University Press of America.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crilly, R. (2013, September 10). Only in Pakistan can the Taliban be described as ‘stakeholders’. Daily Telegraph Blog. http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/robcrilly/100235192/only-in-pakistan-can-the-taliban-be-described-as-stakeholders/

  • Dabag, M. (2005). Modern societies and collective violence: The framework of interdisciplinary genocide studies. In G. C. Kinloch & R. P. Mohan (Eds.), Genocide: Approaches, case studies, and responses (pp. 52–62). New York: Algora Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drost, P. (1959). The crime of state (Vol. 2). Leyden: A.W. Sythoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esparza, M., Huttenbach, H. R., & Feierstein, D. (2009). State violence and genocide in Latin America: The Cold War years. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fatah, T. (2008). Chasing the mirage: The tragic illusion of an Islamic state. Mississauga: John Wiley & Sons Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Firdous, K. ( 2009). Militancy in Pakistan. Strategic Studies 30 (2): 50–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, A. T., Sonn, C. C., & Bishop, B. J. (2002). Psychological sense of community: Research, applications, and implications. London: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Forgotten prisoner: 16 years of imprisonment of SMP Chief Ghulam Raza Naqvi. (2011, August 8). Shiite News. http://www.shiitenews.com/index.php/pakistan/3330-forgotten-prisoner-16-years-of-imprisonment-of-smp-chief-ghulam-raza-naqvi--shiite-news-exclusive-report-

  • Gellately, R., & Kiernan, B. (Eds.). (2003). The spectre of genocide: Mass murder in historical perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghani, F. (2014, February 10). The pain of being disabled in Pakistan. Al-Jazeera. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/02/pain-being-disabled-pakistan-2014249751959749.html

  • Gonzalez, N. (2013). The Sunni-Shia conflict: Understanding sectarian violence in the Middle East. Orange County: East Nortia Media Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunes, C. (2013). The Kurdish national movement in Turkey: From protest to resistance. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunter, M. M. (2009). The A to Z of the Kurds. New York: Scarecrow Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halliday, M. A. K. (1994). Introduction to functional grammar. London: Arnold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halliday, M. A. K. (1971/1996). Linguistic function and literary style: An inquiry into the language of William Golding’s The Inheritors. In J. J. Weber (Ed.), The stylistics reader: From Roman Jakobson to the present (pp. 56–86). London: Arnold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halm, H. (2007). The Shiites: A short history. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrod, R. P., Lienard, P., & Martin, D. L. (2012). Deciphering violence in past societies. In D. L. Martin, R. P. Harrod, & V. R. Perez (Eds.), The bioarchaeology of violence (pp. 63–80). Gainesville: University of Florida Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hasiotis, A. C., & Hasiotis, A. C. (2010). The axis of shame: Great Britain, Israel, the United States and Turkey in the Middle East. Pittsburgh: Dorrance Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassan, A. (2009, December 29). Suicide bomber kills 30 on Shia procession in Karachi. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/28/pakistan-suicide-attack-kills-30

  • Hazleton, L. (2009). After the Prophet: The epic story of the Shia-Sunni split in Islam. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinton, A. L. (2002a). The dark side of modernity. In A. L. Hinton (Ed.), Annihilating the difference: The anthropology of genocide (pp. 1–40). Berkley: University of California Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hinton, A. L. (Ed.). (2002b). Annihilating difference: The anthropology of genocide. Berkley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinton, A. L., & O’Neill, K. L. (Eds.). (2009). Genocide: Truth, memory, and representation. London: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussain, S. E. (2010). Terrorism in Pakistan: Incident patterns, terrorists’ characteristics, and the impact of terrorist arrests on terrorism. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania. The thesis is available online at: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/136

  • Hussain, W. (2014, May 2). Early warning signs of Shia genocide in Pakistan. The Diplomat. http://thediplomat.com/2014/05/early-warning-signs-of-shia-genocide-in-pakistan/

  • Hussain, Z. (2007). Frontline Pakistan: The struggle with militant Islam. London: I.B. Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jafri, N. (2013, September 24). Sectarianism in Pakistan: School textbooks and national identity. http://muftah.org/sectarianism-in-pakistan-school-textbooks-national-identity/#.UkjGgdwqY_k.facebook

  • Jones, A. (2006). Genocide: A comprehensive introduction. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, S. (2013). Child survivors of the 1994 Rwandan genocide and trauma-related affect. Journal of Social Issues, 69, 92–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karachi’s doctors live in fear after spike in deadly attacks. (2015, June 16). Dawn. http://www.dawn.com/news/1188546

  • Khan, B. (2010, September 4). Pakistan suicide bomber kills 43 in Shia parade backing Palestinians. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/03/pakistan-suicide-bombers-kill-44-at-parade

  • Krippner, S., & McIntyre, T. M. (2003). The Psychological impact of war trauma on civilians: An international perspective. Westport: Greenwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemarchand, R. (Ed.). (2011). Forgotten genocides: Oblivion, denial, and memory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levene, M. (2005). The meaning of genocide. London: I.B. Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, L. 2010. Genocide: A normative account. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manzoor, A. M. (1993). The Pakistan problem: Historical background of Punjab and consolidation of Pakistan. Lahore: The Frontier Post Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. R., & Rose, R. (2003). Working with discourse: Meaning beyond the clause. London: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melson, R. (1992). Revolution and genocide: On the origins of the Armenian genocide and the Holocaust. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ignatieff, M. (2001, February 26). Lemkin’s words. The New Republic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayyar, A. H., & Salim, A. (Eds.). (2003). The subtle subversion: The state of curricula and textbooks in Pakistan, Urdu, English, social studies and civics. Islamabad: Sustainable Development Policy Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nhema, A. G., & Zeleza, T. (2008). The roots of African conflicts: The causes and costs. Ohio: Ohio University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakistan: Shia genocide: Military and militants. (2013, February 23). Asian Human Rights Commission. http://www.humanrights.asia/news/ahrc-news/AHRC-ART-021-2013

  • Pandey, G. (2004). Remembering partition: Violence, nationalism and history in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez, V. R. (2012). The politicization of the dead. In D. L. Martin, R. P. Harrod, & V. R. Perez (Eds.), The bioarchaeology of violence (pp. 13–28). Gainesville: University of Florida Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Provost, R., & Akhavan, P. (Eds.). (2010). Confronting genocide. London: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qasimi, H. (2012, February 7). Pakistani extremists film massacre of Shiite minority group. The Observers. http://observers.france24.com/en/20120702-pakistan-quetta-extremists-film-massacre-shiite-minority-group-hazara

  • Qureshi, A. (2012, November 22). Pakistan Taliban suicide bomber kills 23 in Rawalpindi. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/22/pakistan-taliban-suicide-bomber-rawalpindi

  • Rosen, N. (2006). In the belly of the green bird: The triumph of the martyrs in Iraq. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubenstein, W. D. (2004). Genocide: A history. New York: Pearson Education Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schabas, W. (2000). Genocide in international law: The crimes of crimes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheper-Hughes, N., & Lock, M. M. (1987). The mindful body: A prolegomena to future work in medical anthropology. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 1(1), 6–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scherrer, C. P. (2003). Ethnicity, nationalism, and violence: Conflict management, human rights, and multilateral regimes. London: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, D. P. (2005). The new terrorism: Islamist International. Delhi: APH Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, M. (2003). War and genocide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shehzad, M. (2003). Textbook controversy in Gilgit. The Friday Times, XV, p. 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqa, A. (2010). Red hot chilli peppers Islam—Is the youth in elite universities in Pakistan radical? Heinrich Boll Stiftung, Foreign-Security Policy Paper, p. 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, T. W. (2007). The laws of genocide: Prescriptions for a just world. Oxford: Greenwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. (2010). What is a person? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Thackrah, J. R. (2004). Dictionary of terrorism. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Unfortunate disruption: Iranian bookstall closed. (2012, December 10). Dawn. http://www.dawn.com/news/1061596/unfortunate-disruption-iranian-bookstall-closed

  • US Embassy cables: Hillary Clinton says Saudi Arabia ‘a critical source of terrorist funding. (2010, December 5). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/242073

  • Waller, J. (2007). Becoming evil: How ordinary people commit genocide and mass killing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, D. (2006, December 6). Hillary Clinton memo highlights Gulf states’ failure to block funding for groups like al-Qaida, Taliban and Lashkar-e-Taiba. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/05/wikileaks-cables-saudi-terrorist-funding

  • Wilcke, C. (2009). Denied dignity: Systematic discrimination and hostility toward Saudi Shia citizens. New York: Human Rights Watch.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yusufzai, R. (2008, May 11). The man from Bara. The News. http://jang.com.pk/thenews/may2008-weekly/nos-11-05-2008/dia.htm

  • Zaidi, A. (2011). Postcolonial insanity. Journal of Postcolonial Cultures and Societies, 2(4), 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Abbas Zaidi

Authors
  1. Abbas Zaidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Huddersfield , Huddresfield, United Kingdom

    Jawad Syed

  2. Auckland University of Technology , Auckland, New Zealand

    Edwina Pio

  3. Government College University , Lahore, Pakistan

    Tahir Kamran

  4. School of the Arts & Media, The University of New South Wales , Australia

    Abbas Zaidi

Copyright information

© 2016 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zaidi, A. (2016). The Shias of Pakistan: Mapping an Altruistic Genocide. In: Syed, J., Pio, E., Kamran, T., Zaidi, A. (eds) Faith-Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94966-3_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation