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Triumph of the Aesthetic

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The Art of Civilization
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Abstract

Europe and North America from modernism to the contemporary period.

Modernism means the triumph of the aesthetic as an ideology: the domination, and total reshaping, of nature by science and technology. Modernism regards the world as a work of art: it therefore marches in step with the bureaucratic rationalization of society. Modernism invites us to become technicians of culture and minimalist art glamorizes the technocracy. Contemporary art as a mirror of the way people and ideas interact in the free market. Finally postmodern and contemporary art are harbingers of an illiberal re-aristocratization, or de-cififying, of western societies. When they are not a resolve to be ineffective, its so-called ironic and subversive strategies collude with the interests of the new patriciate. Under the control of big money, art today is middle-class modernism in the employ of neo-aristocratic anti-modernism. A melancholy, then finally optimistic coda.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Cowen (1998).

  2. 2.

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  3. 3.

    Malraux (1967), p. 324.

  4. 4.

    Nietzsche [1891], p. 55.

  5. 5.

    Ezra Pound, ‘Hugh Selwyn Mauberley’ (1920).

  6. 6.

    Roger Martin du Gard, Les Thibault (1922–1940).

  7. 7.

    Marinetti [1909].

  8. 8.

    Yeats (1994), IV, p. 231.

  9. 9.

    Wilfred Owen, ‘1914’, a poem.

  10. 10.

    Russell [1967–1969], p. 240.

  11. 11.

    Louis Aragon, Front Rouge (1931).

  12. 12.

    Flint (1972), p. 38.

  13. 13.

    In Selz (1957), p. 270.

  14. 14.

    In Harrison (1992), p. 102.

  15. 15.

    Fry (1978), p. 147.

  16. 16.

    Breunig (1972), p. 108.

  17. 17.

    In Schwarz (1997), I, p. 17.

  18. 18.

    See Pinker (2002).

  19. 19.

    Marx, ‘Concerning Feuerbach’, (1975), p. 422.

  20. 20.

    Nietzsche [1886], p. 70.

  21. 21.

    In Spence (1990), pp. 577–8.

  22. 22.

    In Conquest (2005), p. 93.

  23. 23.

    Ibid., p. 93.

  24. 24.

    In Rauschning (1939), p. 242.

  25. 25.

    In Glatzer Rosenthal (2002), p. 416.

  26. 26.

    Shaw, ‘Preface’ (1933).

  27. 27.

    In Fest (1972), p. 139.

  28. 28.

    In Li (1994), p. 463.

  29. 29.

    Ibid., pp. 234–5.

  30. 30.

    Rauschning (1940), p. 80.

  31. 31.

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  32. 32.

    In Farrar (1998), p. 78.

  33. 33.

    In Scott (1998), pp. 114–5.

  34. 34.

    In Miller (1952), p. 21.

  35. 35.

    In Selsam (1987), p. 218.

  36. 36.

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  37. 37.

    In Adorno (1977), p. 82.

  38. 38.

    O’Neill (1992), p. 251.

  39. 39.

    Lenin (2008), p. 22.

  40. 40.

    Ashton (1972), p. 140.

  41. 41.

    ‘Why I joined the Communist Party’, in Barr (1946), p. 268.

  42. 42.

    Ibid., p. 268.

  43. 43.

    Ibid., p. 248.

  44. 44.

    Diego Rivera, ‘The Revolutionary Spirit in Modern Art’, Modern Quarterly, vol. 6, 3, Autumn 1932.

  45. 45.

    Breton (1972), p. 155.

  46. 46.

    Lukács, ‘Tendency or Partisanship?’ (1932) in Harrison (1992), p. 398.

  47. 47.

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  48. 48.

    Popper [1959].

  49. 49.

    Mithen (1996), p. 19.

  50. 50.

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  51. 51.

    Cavell (1976), p. 214.

  52. 52.

    Rousseau [1755], p. 90.

  53. 53.

    ‘Rumours: A Conversation between James Lingwood and Francis Alys’ http://www.artangel.org.uk//projects/2005/seven_walks/rumours_a_conversation/rumours_a_conversation_between_james_lingwood_and_francis_alys.

  54. 54.

    In Adorno (1973), p. 87.

  55. 55.

    Hegel (1975), p. 11.

  56. 56.

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  57. 57.

    Valéry, ‘First Letter’ [1919].

  58. 58.

    Nietzsche [1878], 130ff.

  59. 59.

    Judd (1975), p. 184.

  60. 60.

    Martin Jay, ‘From Modernism to Postmodernism’, in Blanning (1996), p. 271.

  61. 61.

    Timothy Binkley, ‘Piece: Contra Aesthetics’, Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 35 (1970), p. 273. See also Arthur Danto, ‘The Artworld’, Journal of Philosophy, 61 (19), pp. 571–584; and Dickie (1971).

  62. 62.

    Holland Cotter, ‘Works that Play with Time’, New York Times, Nov. 1, 2012.

  63. 63.

    Danto (2001), p. 427.

  64. 64.

    Gellner (2003), p. 191.

  65. 65.

    Bansch (1970).

  66. 66.

    In Thorton (2008), p. 43.

  67. 67.

    Crow (1996), p. 127.

  68. 68.

    Bouriaud (1998), p. 15.

  69. 69.

    Durkheim [1893].

  70. 70.

    In Thorton, p. 150. On the topic of modernist art and religion, see among others Brennan (2010); Gablik (1992); Perlmutter and Koppman (1999).

  71. 71.

    Baudelaire [1863].

  72. 72.

    ‘Dada manifesto of 1916’.

  73. 73.

    In Battcock (1973), p. 12.

  74. 74.

    In John Russell (1969), p. 117.

  75. 75.

    Warhol (1975), p. 180.

  76. 76.

    Ibid., p. 149.

  77. 77.

    Ibid., p. 147.

  78. 78.

    Ibid., p. 178.

  79. 79.

    Ibid., p. 7.

  80. 80.

    Ibid., p. 199.

  81. 81.

    Ibid., p. 156.

  82. 82.

    Ibid., p. 143.

  83. 83.

    Ibid., p. 113.

  84. 84.

    Sontag (1978), pp. 15–16.

  85. 85.

    In Stiles (1996), p. 336.

  86. 86.

    In Johnson (1982), p. 104.

  87. 87.

    In Rosenberg (1972), p. 105.

  88. 88.

    In Fry (1978), p. 148.

  89. 89.

    In Harrison (1992), p. 287.

  90. 90.

    In Bann (1974), p. 65.

  91. 91.

    Huron (2006).

  92. 92.

    In Conrads (1970), p. 20.

  93. 93.

    In Herbert (2000), p. 64.

  94. 94.

    Daniel Buren, ‘Beware’, in Studio International, vol. 179. No. 920, London, March 1970, p. 100.

  95. 95.

    Judd, p. 184.

  96. 96.

    Newman (1992), p. 173.

  97. 97.

    In Harrison (1992), p. 821.

  98. 98.

    In Forster (1996), p. 244.

  99. 99.

    Yves Klein, ‘Lecture at the Sorbonne, 1959’ Catalogue of Klein’s Exhibit at Gimpel Fils Gallery (London, 1973).

  100. 100.

    Mark Rothko, ‘The Romantics were Prompted…’, in Rothko (1947), I, p. 84.

  101. 101.

    Tilly (1984), pp. 46–50.

  102. 102.

    Caplan (1982), p. 91; Rybczinski (1986), pp. 204–208.

  103. 103.

    Eliot (1921), p. 47.

  104. 104.

    Kron (1983), p. 178.

  105. 105.

    Johnson (1979), p. 138.

  106. 106.

    Robertson (2009).

  107. 107.

    Simon Taylor, ‘The Phobic Object: Abjection in Contemporary Art’, in Houser (1993), p. 60.

  108. 108.

    Ralf Dahrendorf, ‘Effectiveness and Legitimacy: On the Governability of Democracies’, The Political Quarterly, vol. 51, 4, 1980, pp. 393–403.

  109. 109.

    Runciman (2013), p. 240.

  110. 110.

    Danto (1986), p. 115.

  111. 111.

    Krzysztof Wodiczko, ‘Strategies of Public Address: Which Media, Which Public?’ in Foster (1987), p. 42.

  112. 112.

    Douglas Crimp, ‘Pictures’, in Wallis (1984), p. 186.

  113. 113.

    Gauguin (1978), p. 185.

  114. 114.

    Thomas Crow, ‘Versions of Pastoral in Some Recent American Art’, in Ross (1988), p. 20.

  115. 115.

    Singerman (1999).

  116. 116.

    See Thorton (2009).

  117. 117.

    Confucius, The Analects, Book XIII, 3, 5.

  118. 118.

    New York Review of Books, Dec. 17, 2015 Issue.

  119. 119.

    Stallabrass (2004); Benhamou-Huet (2001); Horowitz (2011).

  120. 120.

    Ratleinger (1965).

  121. 121.

    Steinberg (1972), p. 56.

  122. 122.

    http://www.artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=23679#.UH_EDWnk6jw.

  123. 123.

    In Thompson (2008), p. 89.

  124. 124.

    Ibid., p. 238.

  125. 125.

    Picketty (2014).

  126. 126.

    Thompson, p. 199.

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Maleuvre, D. (2016). Triumph of the Aesthetic. In: The Art of Civilization. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94869-7_11

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