Abstract
As in transport and communications and also in energy and water (covered in the last two chapters), externalities are often associated with investment in education and health. Hence the need for the state getting directly involved in investment here and/or providing directions for achieving efficiency in resource allocation which may necessitate the estimation of the social rate of return. Besides, in the context of modern theories based on the ‘endogenous growth’ approach the improvement of the quality and skill structure of the labour force and of the health and well-being of the population are both targets in themselves but are also the means towards the development of a stronger economy and of higher productivity levels.
Notes
- 1.
In 2005 Official Development Assistance (ODA) to Ghana in the ‘Social Infrastructure and Services’ category amounted to just under 13 per cent of ODA, while in 2012 it amounted to over 45 per cent of a larger volume of ODA (OECD 2014a). In 2012 the Global Alliance for Vaccination and Immunisation (GAVI—a civil society organisation) contributed US$44.8 million to Ghana, and in the same year the Global Fund (another medically oriented civil society organisation) contributed US$63.9 million to Ghana (d-portal.org 2014).
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Huq, M., Tribe, M. (2018). Education and Health. In: The Economy of Ghana. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60243-5_16
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