Abstract
Based on the theoretical grounding in Part I, I accept the method of empirical model construction. As we have seen, in generating models for the market economies of the EU as they pertain to the older member states, a relative consensus exists in the literature in terms of distinguishing among the four accepted models; namely, the Nordic, continental, Anglo-Saxon, and Mediterranean models. For this reason, it might be reasonable to conduct an empirical institutional analysis exclusively of the NMS. However, two factors prompt opting for a full investigation once again. On the one hand, data from Amable—who carried out the most thorough empirical investigation so far—date from the 1990s; therefore, it is interesting to repeat the process with data from a decade later. On the other hand, the same set of indicators could not be generated because some of the NMS are not featured in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) database used by Amable.
This chapter is derived in part from the empirical investigation published in the author’s article, “The Central and Eastern European model of capitalism” (Post-Communist Economies 23(1) pp. 15–34, copyright Taylor & Francis), available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/ Article DOI 10.1080/14631377.2011.546972.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsBibliography
Acemoglu, D., Aghion, P., & Zilibotti, F. (2002). Distance to frontier, selection, and economic growth (Working Paper No. 9066). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Aghion, P., Bloom, N., Blundell, R., Griffith, R., & Howitt, P. (2005). Competition and innovation: An inverted U relationship. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(2), 701–728.
Ahn, Sanghoon (2002): Competition, Innovation and Productivity Growth: A Review of Theory and Evidence. OECD Department Working Papers, No. 317. Paris.Aiginger, K., Guger, A., Leoni, T., & Walterskirchen, E. (2007). Reform perspectives on welfare state models in global capitalism (WIFO Working Papers No. 303). Österreichische Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung.
Akkermans, D., Castaldi, C., & Los, B. (2009). Do ‘liberal market economies’ really innovate more radically than ‘coordinated market economies’? Hall and Soskice reconsidered. Research Policy, 38(1), 181–191.
Akram, N., & Pada, I. (2009). Education and economic growth: A review of literature (MPRA Paper No. 16200).
Alder, S. (2010). Competition and innovation: Does the distance to the technology frontier matter? (Working Paper No. 493). Zurich: Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, University of Zurich.
Allen, F., Bartiloro, L., & Kowalewski, O. (2005). The financial system of the EU 25 (MPRA Paper No. 652).
Altuzarra, A., Puerta, C., & Serrano, F. (2007). Evaluating the relative innovative position of European Union member countries: An empirical analysis. International Review of Applied Economics, 21(1), 175–188.
Amable, B. (2003). The diversity of modern capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Amable, B., & Lung, Y. (2008). The European socio-economic models of a knowledge-based society. Main findings and conclusion (Working Papers of GREThA No. 2008-26). Retrieved February 21, 2008, from http://gretha.u-bordeaux.fr/sites/default/files/2008-26.pdf
Aronja, R., Ladaique, M., & Pearson, M. (2001). Growth, inequality and social protection, OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers No. 51. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Asheim, B. T., & Coenen, L. (2006). Contextualising regional innovation systems in a globalising learning economy: On knowledge bases and institutional frameworks. Journal of Technology Transfer, 31(1), 163–173.
Barro, R. J. (1997). Determinants of economic growth: A cross-country empirical study. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Barro, R. J., & Sala-i-Martin, X. I. (2004). Economic growth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Beck, T., & Levine, R. (2003). Legal institutions and financial development (Working Paper No. 3136). Washington, DC: The World Bank Development Research Group.
Berger, H., & Danninger, S. (2006). The employment effects of labor and product markets deregulation and their implications for structural reform (CESifo Working Paper No. 1709). Munich: CESifo Group.
Berrou, J.-P., & Carrincazeaux, C. (2005). La diversité des capitalismes et les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale. Groupement de Recherches Economiques et Sociales. Cahiers du GRES, 2005-18.
Bilbao-Osorio, B., & Andrés, R.-P. (2004). From R&D to innovation and economic growth in the EU. Growth and Change, 35(4), 434–455.
Blanchard, O., & Giavazzi, F. (2003). Macroeconomic effects of regulation and deregulation in goods and labor markets. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(3), 879–907.
Boeri, T. (2005). Reforming labor and product markets: Some lessons from two decades of experiments in Europe (IMF Working Paper WP/05/97). Washington: International Monetary Fund.
Boeri, T., Nicoletti, G., & Scarpetta, S. (2000). Regulation and labor market performance (CERP Discussion Paper Series No. 2420).
Bragues, G. (2011). Portugal’s plight: Social democracy at fault. Retrieved February 19, 2013, from http://ssrn.com/abstract=1783889
Callan, T., Nolan, B., Walsh, J. R., Whelan, C. T., & Maître, B. (2008). Tackling low income and deprivation: Developing effective policies. The Economic and Social Research Institute Research Series 1/2008. Dublin.
Cameron, D. (2001). Unemployment, job creation, and economic and monetary union. In N. Bermeo (Ed.), Unemployment in the new Europe. Camridge: Cambridge University Press.
Caminada, K., Goudswaard, K., & van Vliet, O. (2010). Patterns of welfare state indicators in the EU: Is there convergence? Journal of Common Market Studies, 48(3), 529–556.
Cazes, S., & Nesporova, A. (2007). Labour markets in Central and South-Eastern Europe: From transition to stabilization. In S. Cazes & A. Nesporova (Eds.), Flexicurity: A relevant apprsoach for Central and Eastern Europe (pp. 9–56). Geneva: International Labour Office.
Chinkov, G. (2006). Research and development spillovers in Central and Eastern Europe. Transition Studies Review, 13(2), 339–355.
Clougherty, J. A. (2010). Competition policy trends and economic growth. Cross-national empirical evidence. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 17(1), 111–127.
Cojocaru, L., Hoffman, S., & Miller, J. (2011). Financial development and economic growth: Empirical evidence from the CEE and CIS countries (Working Paper No. 2011-22). Newark, NJ: Alfred Lerner College of Business & Economics, University of Delaware.
Commander, S. (2007). Skills and transition. In S. Estrin, G. W. Kolodko, & M. Uvalic (Eds.), Transition and beyond (pp. 118–132). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Conway, P., Janod, V., & Nicoletti, G. (2005). Product market regulation in OECD countries: 1998 to 2003 (OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 419) Paris: OECD.
Crescenzi, R. (2005). Innovation and regional growth in the enlarged Europe: The role of local innovative capabilities, peripherality, and education. Growth and Change, 36(4), 471–507.
De Beus, J. (2004). The Netherlands: Monetary integration and the Polder model. In A. Martin & G. Ross (Eds.), Euros and Europeans. Monetary integration and the European model of society (pp. 174–200). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
De Haan, J., & Naaborg, I. (2004). Financial intermediation in accession countries: The role of foreign banks. In D. Masciandro (Ed.), Financial intermediation in the new Europe (pp. 181–207). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
De Koning, J., & Mosley, H. (Eds.) (2001). Labour market policy and unemployment. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (2008). Finance, financial sector policies, and long-run growth (Policy Research Working Paper No. 4469). Washington, DC: The World Bank Development Research Group.
Dimitrova, D., & Petkov, K. (2005). Comparative overview: Changing profiles, action and outcomes for organized labour in Central and Eastern Europe. In D. Dimitrova & J. Vilrokx (Eds.), Trade union strategies in Central and Eastern Europe: Towards decent work (pp. 15–62). Budapest: International Labour Office.
Dutz, M. A., & Hayri, A. (2000). Does more intense competition lead to higher growth? (Policy Research Working Paper No. 2320). Washington, DC: The World Bank Development Research Group.
Dutz, M. A., Kessides, I., O’Connell, S., & Willig, R. D. (2011). Competition and innovation-driven inclusive growth (Policy Research Working Paper No. 5852). Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Esping-Andersen, G. (2002). Towards the good society, once again? In G. Esping-Andersen, D. Gallie, A. Hemerijck, & J. Myles (Eds.), Why we need a new welfare state? (pp. 1–26). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Estevão, M. M. (2002). Regional labor market disparities in Belgium (IMF Working Paper WP/02/134) Washington: International Monetary Fund.
Estevez-Abe, M., Iversen, T., & Soskice, D. (2001). Social protection and the formation of skills: A reinterpretation of the welfare state. In P. A. Hall & D. Soskice (Eds.), Varieties of capitalism: The institutional foundations of comparative advantage (pp. 145–183). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
European Central Bank. (2008). EU banking structures. Frankfurt am Main.
European Commission. (2009c). Industrial relations in Europe 2008. Brussels.
European Commission. (2010b). Investing in Europe’s future. Fifth report on economic, social and territorial cohesion. Brussels.
Feldmann, H. (2004). How flexible are labour markets in the EU accession countries Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic? Comparative Economic Studies, 46, 272–310.
Fialová, K., & Schneider, O. (2008). Labour market institutions and their effect on labour market performance in the new EU member countries (CESifo Working Paper No. 2421) Munich: CESifo Group.
Fiori, G., Nicoletti, G., Scarpetta, S., & Schiantarelli, F. (2008). Employment outcomes and the interaction between product and labor market deregulation: Are they substitutes or complements? (Boston College Working Papers in Economics No. 663) Boston: Boston College Department of Economics.
Gangl, M. (2000). Education and labour market entry across Europe: The impact of institutional arrangements in training systems and labour markets (Arbeitspapiere—Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung Nr. 25).
Genschel, P. (2004). Globalization and the welfare state: A retrospective. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(4), 613–636.
Griffith, R., Harrison, R., & Simpson, H. (2006). Product market reform and innovation in the EU (The Institute for Fiscal Studies WP06/17) London: Universtiy College London.
Griffith, R., Harrison, R., & Simpson, H. (2010). Product market reform and innvation in the EU. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 112(2), 839–415.
Guillén, A. (2007). Spain: Starting from Periphery, Becoming Centre. In J. Kvist & J. Saari (Eds.), The Europeanisation of social protection. Bristol: The Policy Press University of Bristol.
Hall, P. A., & Soskice, D. (Eds.) (2001). Introduction. Varieties of capitalism. The institutional foundations of comparative advantage (pp. 1–68). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hanushek, E. A., & Wößmann, L. (2007). The role of education quality in economic growth (Policy Research Working Paper No. 4122). Washington: The World Bank Washington.
Hanushek, E. A., & Wößmann, L. (2010). How much do educational outcomes matter in OECD countries? (CESifo Working Paper No. 3238) Munich: CESifo Group.
Hemerijck, A., & Sleegers, P. (2007). The Netherlands: Social and economic normalization in an era of European Union controversy. In J. Kvist & J. Saari (Eds.), The Europeanisation of social protection. Bristol: The Policy Press University of Bristol.
Høj, J., Jimenez, M., Maher, M., Nicoletti, G., & Wise, M. (2007). Product market competition in the OECD countries (OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 575). Paris: OECD Publishing.
Iversen, T. (2005). Capitalism, democracy, and welfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jæger, M. M., & Kvist, J. (2004). Pressures on state welfare in post-industrial societies: Is more or less better? In P. Taylor-Gooby (Ed.), Making a European welfare state? Malden, MA: Blackwell..
Karsai, J. (2010). Private equity in CEE. The development of venture capital and private equity industry in Central and Eastern Europe. Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Verlag.
Kasman, A., & Yildirim, C. (2006). Cost and profit efficiencies in transition banking: The case of new EU members. Applied Economics, 38(9), 1079–1090.
Kiander, J. (2004). Growth and employment in Nordic welfare states in the 1990s: A tale of crisis and revival (VATT Discussion Papers No. 336). Helsinki: Government Institute for Economic Research.
Kleinman, M. (2002). A European welfare state? Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Köhler, M., Hommel, J., & Grote, M. (2006). The role of banks in the transmission of monetary policy in the Baltics (Discussion Paper No. 06-005). Mannheim: Zentrum für Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH.
Korhonen, T. (2001). Finnish monetary and foreign exchange policy and the changeover to the euro (Bank of Finland Discussion Papers 25/2001) Helsinki.
Leibrecht, M., Klien, M., & Onaran, O. (2011). Globalization, welfare regimes and social protection expenditures in Western and Eastern European countries. Public Choice, 148(3–4), 569–594.
Levine, R., & Zervos, S. (1998). Stock markets, bank, and economic growth. American Economic Review, 88(3), 537–558.
Marton, K., & McCarthy, C. H. (2008). From state to foreign ownership: The banking sector in Eastern and Central Europe. Global Economy Journal, 8(3), 1–14. doi:10.2202/1524-5861.1410. Retrieved April 3, 2009, from http://www.bepress.com/gej/vol8/iss3/8
Mihaljek, D. (2004). Banking industry in Central and Eastern Europe: The unexpected leader in the transition and integration with the EU. In D. Masciandro (Ed.), Financial intermediation in the new Europe (pp. 8–27). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Mucci, F., Papi, L., & Revoltella, D. (2004). New Europe banking: The role of international players. In D. Masciandro (Ed.), Financial intermediation in the new Europe (pp. 158–180). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Murinde, V., Agung, J., & Mullineux, A. (2004). Patterns of corporate financing and financial system covergence in Europe. Review of International Economics., 12(4), 693–705.
Neycheva, M. (2010). Does public expenditure on education matter for growth in Europe? A comparison between old EU member states and post-communist economies. Post-Communist Economies, 22(2), 141–164.
Nicoletti, G., & Scarpetta, S. (2005). Product market reforms and employment in OECD countries (OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 472). Paris: OECD Publishing.
Nicoletti, G., Scarpetta, S., & Boylaud, O. (2000). Summary indicators of product market regulation with an extension to employment protection legislation (OECD Working Paper No. 226). Paris: OECD Publishing.
O’Hagan, E. (2002). Employee relations in the periphery of Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
OECD. (2007). PISA 2006: Science competencies for tomorrow’s world. Vol. 1. Paris: OECD.
Pierson, P. (1996). The new politics of the welfare state. World Politics, 48(2), 143–179.
Pissarides, F. (2004). Financial structures and private sector development in the new Europe. In D. Masciandro (Ed.), Financial intermediation in the new Europe (pp. 56–86). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Pöder, K., & Kerem, K. (2011). “Social models” in a European comparison. Convergence or divergence? Eastern European Economics, 49(5), 55–74.
Pye, R. B. K. (2005). The evolution of financial services in transition economies: An overview of the insurance sector. Post-Communist Economies, 17(2), 205–223.
Rashid, M., Rutkowski, J., & Fretwell, D. (2005). Labor markets. In N. Barr (Ed.), Labor markets and social policy in Central and Eastern Europe. The international bank for reconstruction and development (pp. 59–87). Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Reininger, T., Schardax, F., & Summer, M. (2002). Financial system transition in Central Europe: The first decade. Vienna: SUERF Studies.
Sacchi, S. (2007). Italy: Between indifference, exploitation and the construction of a national interest. In J. Kvist & J. Saari (Eds.), The Europeanisation of social protection (pp. 77–98). Bristol: The Policy Press University of Bristol.
Sakellaropoulos, T. (2007). Greece: The quest for national welfare expansion through more social Europe. In J. Kvist & J. Saari (Eds.), The Europeanisation of social protection (pp. 211–228). Bristol: The Policy Press University of Bristol.
Sapir, A. (2006). Globalization and the reform of European social models. Journal of Common Market Studies, 44(2), 369–390.
van Schaik, T., & van de Klundert, T. (2009). Productivity growth and the labour market. Department of economics (Discussion Papers No. 2010–06). Tilburg University.Schiff, J., Egoumé-Bossogo, P., Ihara, M., Konuki, T., & Krajnyák, K. (2006). Labor market performance in transition (IMF Occasional Paper No. 248).
Schoenmaker, D., & Wagner, W. (2011). Cross-border banking in Europe and financial stability. International Finance, 16(1), 1–22.
Sharpe, Andrew and Currie, Ian (2008): Competitive Intensity as Driver of Innovation and Productivity Growth: A Synthesis of the Literature. Centre for the Study of Living Standards Research Report No. 2008–3, Ottawa.Sissenich, B. (2007). Building states without society: European Union enlargement and the transfer of EU social policy to Poland and Hungary. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Soskice, D. (2007). Macroeconomics and varieties of capitalism. In B. Hancké, M. Rhodes, & M. Thatcher (Eds.), Beyond varieties of capitalism. Conflicts, contradictions, and complementarities in the European economy (pp. 89–121). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Srholec, M. (2009). Does foreign ownership facilitate cooperation on innovation? Firm-level evidence from the enlarged European Union. European Journal of Development Research, 21(1), 47–62.
Stanojevic, M. (2005). Avoiding shock therapy: Trade unions’ role in the transition to a market economy in Slovenia. In D. Dimitrova & J. Vilrokx (Eds.), Trade union strategies in Central and Eastern Europe: Towards decent work (pp. 15–62). Budapest: International Labour Office.
Storm, S., & Naastepad, C. W. M. (2009). Labour market regulation and productivity growth: Evidence for twenty OECD countries (1984–2004). Industrial Relations, 84(4), 629–654.
Taylor, M. Z. (2004). Empirical evidence against varieties of capitalism’s theory of technological innovation. International Organization, 58(Summer), 601–631.
Tomka, B. (2008). A jóléti állam Európában és Magyarországon [Welfare state in Europe and in Hungary]. Budapest: Corvina.
UNU-MERIT. (2009). European innovation scoreboard 2008. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www.proinno-europe.eu/metrics
Vergeer, R., & Kleinknecht, A. (2010–2011). The impact of labor market deregulation on productivity: A panel data analysis of 19 OECD countries (1960–2004). Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 33(2), 371–407.
Vitols, S. (2004). Changes in Germany’s bank-based financial system: A varieties of capitalism perspective (Discussion Paper II 2004–03). Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum.
Wolinetz, S. B. (2001). Modell Nederland. Social partnership and competitve corporatism in the Netherlands. In N. Bermeo (Ed.), Unemployment in the new Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
World Bank. (2007a). Doing business 2008. Washington, DC.
Zhu, A., Ash, M., & Pollin, R. (2004). Stock market liquidity and economic growth: A critical appraisal of the Levine/Zervos model. International Review of Applied Economics, 18(1), 63–71.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Farkas, B. (2016). An Empirical Analysis of the Economic System. In: Models of Capitalism in the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60057-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60057-8_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-60056-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-60057-8
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)