Introduction

Abstract

Although elated from the symbolic empowerment that two-term elected president, Barack Obama, provided, substantive changes in improving racial relations and equality lack considerably. Upon his initial election, the expectation was hopeful. Yet at the close of a chapter in US history in 2016 during the sunset of this nation’s first Black president, many Blacks are left wanting. According to late Manning Marable, the celebratory outlook we had during his first election lingered until his second term, till the increased racial tension and violence against the Blacks, specifically in the USA, caused us to question the significance of having a Black face in high place.