Abstract
Clark offers a comprehensive overview of the development of apartheid in South Africa and its consequences to the present. Focusing on the incremental elaboration of racial segregation in South Africa, she demonstrates the continuing impact of the past on post-apartheid South Africa. The chapter draws attention to the crucial role played by Africans outside of the political process in bringing about the end of apartheid through protests, boycotts, and strikes. Clark also discusses continuing problems in the post-apartheid period leading to the growing disenchantment with the ANC Government under Jacob Zuma. The chapter brings to light the research of authors working in the post-apartheid period with information that was previously suppressed. Using these sources, Clark provides a broad picture of how apartheid worked, how it was defeated, and the current problems facing South Africa.
Bibliography
Adler, Glenn, and Eddie Webster, eds. Trade Unions and Democratization in South Africa, 1985–97. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000.
Azania, Malaika Wa. Memoirs of a Born-Free: Reflections on the Rainbow Nation. Auckland Park: Jacana, 2016.
Baskin, Jeremy. Striking Back: A History of Cosatu. London: Verso, 1990.
Basson, J.L. J. G. Strijdom: Sy Politieke Loopbaan van 1929 tot 1948. Pretoria: Wonderboom, 1980.
Biko, Steve. I Write What I Like: Selected Writings. University of Chicago Press, 1978.
Buhlungu, Sakhela, and Malehoko Tshoaedi, eds. COSATU’s Contested Legacy: South African Trade Unions in the Second Decade of Democracy. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 2013.
Callinicos, Luli. Oliver Tambo: Beyond the Engeli Mountains. Cape Town: New Africa Books, 2012.
Cherry, Janet. Spear of the Nation: Umkhonto We Sizwe: South Africa’s Liberation Army, 1960s–1990s. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2012.
Chikane, Frank. Eight Days in September: The Removal of Thabo Mbeki. Johannesburg: Picador, 2012.
Couper, Scott. Albert Luthuli: Bound by Faith. Scottsville: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2010.
Davis, Stephen. Apartheid’s Rebels: Inside South Africa’s Hidden War. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.
de Klerk, F.W. The Last Trek—A New Beginning: The Autobiography. London: Macmillan, 1998.
de Kock, Eugene. A Long Night’s Damage: Working for the Apartheid State. Saxonwold: Contra Press, 1998.
Dlamini, Jacob. Askari: A Story of Collaboration and Betrayal in the Anti-Apartheid Struggle. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Dubow, Saul. Racial Segregation and the Origins of Apartheid in South Africa, 1919–1936. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1989.
———. Apartheid 1948–1994. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Edgar, Robert, and Luyanda Ka Msumza, eds. Freedom in Our Lifetime: The Collected Writings of Anton Muziwakhe Lembede. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1996.
Ellis, Stephen. Comrades Against Apartheid: The ANC and the South African Communist Party in Exile. London: Currey, 1992.
Feit, Edward. Workers Without Weapons: The South African Congress of Trade Unions and the Organization of the African Workers. Hamden: Archon Books, 1975.
Fieldhouse, Roger. Anti-Apartheid: A History of the Movement in Britain: A Study in Pressure Group Politics. London: Merlin Press, 2005.
Frankel, Philip. An Ordinary Atrocity: Sharpeville and Its Massacre. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.
Frederikse, Julie. They Fought for Freedom: David Webster. Cape Town: Maskew Miller Longman, 1998.
Gerhart, Gail. Black Power in South Africa: The Evolution of an Ideology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
Giliomee, Hermann. The Last Afrikaner Leaders: A Supreme Test of Power. Cape Town: Tafelberg, 2012.
Givisser, Mark. Thabo Mbeki: The Dream Deferred. Johannesburg: J. Ball, 2007.
Goldman Sachs. Two Decades of Freedom: A 20-Year Review of South Africa. Johannesburg: Goldman Sachs, 2013. See http://www.goldmansachs.com/our-thinking/archive/colin-coleman-south-africa/20-yrs-of-freedom.pdf.
Gordin, Jeremy. Zuma: A Biography. Johannesburg: J. Ball, 2011.
Hepple, Alexander. Verwoerd. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1967.
Heunis, Jan. The Inner Circle: Reflections on the Last Days of White Rule. Johannesburg: J. Ball, 2007.
Hirson, Baruch. Year of Fire, Year of Ash: The Soweto Revolt: Roots of a Revolution? London: Zed Press, 1979.
Horrell, Muriel. Laws Affecting Race Relations in South Africa to the End of 1976. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations, 1978.
Jacobs, Nancy. Environment, Power and Injustice: A South African History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Kasrils, Ronnie. Armed and Dangerous: From Undercover Struggle to Freedom. Oxford: Heinemann, 1993.
Keegan, Timothy J. Facing the Storm: Portraits of Black Lives in Rural South Africa. London: Zed Books, 1988.
Keniston, Billy. Choosing to Be Free: The Life Story of Rick Turner. Auckland Park: Jacana, 2013.
Kenney, Henry. Architect of Apartheid: H.F. Verwoerd, an Appraisal. Johannesburg: J. Ball, 1980.
Khumalo, Fred. Touch My Blood: The Early Years. Houghton: Umuzi Press, 2006.
Kolasa, Thomas Stanley. The South African Communist Party: Adapting to Thrive in a Post-Communist Age. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Co., 2016.
Koorts, Lindie. D.F. Malan and the Rise of Afrikaner Nationalism. Cape Town: Tafelberg, 2014.
Krog, Antjie. Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa. New York: Crown Books, 1999.
Lerumo, A. Fifty Fighting Years: The Communist Party of South Africa, 1921–1971. London: Inkululeko Publications, 1980.
Lodge, Tom. Black Politics in South Africa Since 1945. Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1983.
———. Sharpeville: An Apartheid Massacre and Its Consequences. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Luthuli, Albert. Let My People Go. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962.
Macqueen, Ian. “Students, Apartheid and the Ecumenical Movement in South Africa, 1960–1975.” Journal of Southern African Studies 39, no. 2 (2013): 447–63.
Madikizela-Mandela, Winnie. 491 Days: Prisoner 1323/69. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2014.
Magaziner, Daniel. The Law and the Prophets: Black Consciousness in South Africa, 1968–1977. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2010.
Maloka, Eddy. The South African Communist Party, 1963–1990. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, 2002.
———. Friends of the Natives: The Inconvenient Past of South African Liberalism. Durban: 3rd Millenium Publishing, 2014.
Mandela, Nelson. Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela. New York: Back Bay Books, 1994.
Mangcu, Xolela. Biko: A Biography. Cape Town: Tafelberg Press, 2012.
———. “Retracing Nelson Mandela through the Lineage of Black Political Thoughts.” Transition 112 (2013): 101–16.
Marais, Hein. South Africa Pushed to the Limit: The Political Economy of Change. London: Zed Books, 2011.
Mare, Gerhard, and Georgina Hamilton. An Appetite for Power: Buthelezi’s Inkatha and South Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988.
Marx, Anthony. Lessons of Struggle: South African Internal Opposition, 1960–1990. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Mbeki, Govan. Learning from Robben Island: The Prison Writings of Govan Mbeki. London: J. Currey, 1991.
Meli, Francis. A History of the ANC: South Africa Belongs to Us. Harare: Zimbabwe Publishing House, 1988.
Minter, Bill. Apartheid’s Contras: An Inquiry into the Roots of War in Angola and Mozambique. London: Zed Books, 1994.
Moodie, Dunbar. The Rise of Afrikanerdom: Power, Apartheid and the Afrikaner Civil Religion. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975.
Naidoo, Beverley. Death of An Idealist: In Search of Neil Aggett. Johannesburg: J. Ball, 2012.
Ndebele, Njabulo S. Fine Lines from the Box: Further Thoughts About Our Country. Houghton: Umuzi Press, 2007.
Ndlovu, Sifiso. The Soweto Uprisings: Counter-memories of June 1976. Ravan Press, 1999.
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. The Decolonial Mandela: Peace, Justice and the Politics of Life. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2016.
Odendaal, Andre. The Founders: The Origins of the ANC and the Struggle for Democracy in South Africa. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2013.
O’Malley, Padraig. Shades of Difference: Mac Maharaj and the Struggle for South Africa. New York: Penguin Books, 2007.
O’Meara, Dan. Volkskapitalisme: Class, Capital and Ideology in the Development of Afrikaner Nationalism, 1934–1948. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
———. Forty Lost Years: The Apartheid State and the Politics of the National Party, 1948–1994. Ravan Press, 1997.
Pogrund, Benjamin. Robert Sobukwe: How Can Man Die Better. London: P. Halban, 1990.
Posel, Deborah. The Making of Apartheid, 1948–1961: Conflict and Compromise. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Posel, Deborah, and Graeme Simpson, eds. Commissioning the Past: Understanding South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 2003.
Potgieter, De Wet. Total Onslaught: Apartheid’s Dirty Tricks Exposed. Cape Town: Zebra Press, 2007.
Reeves, Ambrose. Shooting at Sharpeville: The Agony of South Africa. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1961.
Sachs, Albie. The Soft Vengeance of a Freedom Fighter. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
Seekings, Jeremy. The UDF: A History of the United Democratic Front in South Africa: 1983–1991. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2000.
Simpson, Thula. Umkhonto we Sizwe: The ANC’s Armed Struggle. Cape Town: Penguin Random House, 2016.
Sisulu, Elinor. Walter and Albertina Sisulu: In Our Lifetime. Claremont: David Philip, 2002.
South Africa. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report. Volumes 1–5. Cape Town: The Commission, 1999.
Sparks, Allister. Tomorrow Is Another Country: The Inside Story of South Africa’s Road to Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
Thorn, Hakan. Anti-Apartheid and the Emergence of a Global Civil Society. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
van Kessel, Ineke. Beyond Our Wildest Dreams: The United Democratic Front and the Transformation of South Africa. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2000.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Clark, N.L. (2018). South Africa: Apartheid and Post-Apartheid. In: Shanguhyia, M., Falola, T. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of African Colonial and Postcolonial History. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59426-6_40
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59426-6_40
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-59425-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-59426-6
eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)