Abstract
From the fifteenth century, when the earliest European presence was recorded in Africa, to the last years of the nineteenth century, Africa’s relations with Europe had a commercial focus. Except for Ethiopia, the dawn of the twentieth century witnessed a shift from trade relations to colonial conquest and control. African peoples lost their independence and sovereignty as well as their socio-political and economic institutions to Europe. In this chapter, Falola and Agbo examine relations between Britain and France, the two major European colonial powers in Africa, and their African subjects during the colonial era. The colonial era had economic, social, and political impacts. The changes were not only numerous, they were also rapid, and Africans had to learn to deal with them in creative ways. What were the reasons for this change? What was the process? And how did Africans respond? This chapter answers these three important questions.
Toyin Falola, in his Key Events in African history : A Reference Guide, has dealt in great detail with this topic. Significant aspects of this chapter are drawn from that study.
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Falola, T., Agbo, C. (2018). Colonial Administrations and the Africans. In: Shanguhyia, M., Falola, T. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of African Colonial and Postcolonial History. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59426-6_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59426-6_3
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