Skip to main content

Social Constructionism, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and the Discursive Approaches

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: The Language of Mental Health ((TLMH))

Abstract

In this chapter, O’Reilly and Lester highlight how a social constructionist perspective shapes the way in which analysts might employ discourse analysis for the study of ASD. Specifically, they divide this chapter into three sections. First, they offer an overview of social constructionism, highlighting how the linguistic turn shaped how scholars have come to view and ultimately study language. Second, they highlight the usefulness of approaching the study of autism from a variety of discourse perspectives. A general description of six key approaches to discourse analysis is provided, offering examples of how these approaches are used in practice. Finally, they discuss how social constructionist and discourse analysis perspectives inform the study of autism. Throughout, case examples are used to illustrate the key points offered.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby, C. E. (2010). The trouble with normal: The struggle for meaningful access for middle school students with developmental disability lab. Disability & Society, 23(3), 345–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby, C. E., & Causton-Theoharis, J. N. (2009). Disqualified in the human race: A close reading of the autobiographies of individuals identified as autistic. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 13(5), 501–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avdi, E., Griffin, C., & Brough, S. (2000). Parents’ constructions of the ‘problem’ during assessment and diagnosis of their child for an autistic spectrum disorder. Journal of Health Psychology, 5(2), 241–254.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bagatell, N. (2007). Orchestrating voices: Autism, identity and the power of discourse. Disability & Society, 22(4), 413–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biklen, D., Attfield, R., Bissonnette, L., Blackman, L., Burke, J., Frugone, A., et al. (2005). Autism and the myth of the person alone. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billig, M. (1996). Arguing and thinking: A rhetorical approach to social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Billig, M., Condor, S., Edwards, D., Gane, M., Middleton, D., & Radley, A. R. (1988). Ideological dilemmas. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broderick, A. A., & Ne’eman, A. (2008). Autism as metaphor: Narrative and counter narrative. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 12(5-6), 459–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, P. (1995). Naming and framing: The social construction of diagnosis and illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior (Extra issue), 34–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burr, V. (2003). Social constructionism (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, J. (2010). ‘It cuts both ways’: A relational approach to access and accommodation for autism. Social Science & Medicine, 70, 305–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, L. J. (1995). Enforcing normalcy: Disability, deafness and the body. New York: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobbinson, S. (2016). Conversation with an adult with features of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Secure Forensic Care. In M. O’Reilly & J. N. Lester (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of adult mental health: Discourse and conversation studies (pp. 441–458). Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edley, N. (2001). Analysing masculinity: Interpretative repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor, & S. J. Yates (Eds.), Discourse as data: A guide for analysis (pp. 189–228). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, D., & Potter, J. (1992). Discursive psychology. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Georgaca, E. (2012). Discourse analytic research on mental distress: A critical overview. Journal of Mental Health. doi:10.3109/09638237.2012.734648

  • Gergen, K. (2009). An invitation to social constructionism (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glynos, J., & Howarth, D. (2008). Structure, agency and power in political analysis: Beyond contextualised self-interpretations. Political Studies Review, 6, 155–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guba, E., & Lincoln, Y. (2004). Competing paradigms in qualitative research: Theories and issues. In S. N. Hesse-Biber & P. Leavy (Eds.), Approaches to qualitative research: A reader on theory and practice (pp. 17–38). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gubrium, J., & Holstein, J. (2008). The constructionist mosaic. In J. Holstein & J. Gubrium (Eds.), Handbook of constructionist research (pp. 3–12). New York: Guildford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, S. (1987). Introduction: Is there a feminist method? In S. Harding (Ed.), Feminism and methodology: Social science issues (pp. 1–14). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper, D. (2006). Discourse analysis. In M. Slade & S. Priebe (Eds.), Choosing methods in mental health research: Mental health research from theory to practice (pp. 47–67). Hove: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hepburn, A., & Wiggins, S. (2005). Developments in discursive psychology. Discourse & Society, 16(5), 595–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S., & Harwood, V. (2009). Representations of autism in Australian print media. Disability & Society, 24(1), 5–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jørgensen, M. W., & Phillips, L. J. (2002). Discourse analysis as theory and method. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karim, K., Ali, A., & O’Reilly, M. (2014). A practical guide to mental health problems in children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: “It’s not just their autism!”. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latour, B. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J., & O’Reilly, M. (2016). The history and landscape of DA and CA. In M. O’Reilly & J. Lester (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of adult mental health: Discourse and conversation studies (pp. 23–44). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J. N. (2014). Negotiating the abnormality/normality binary: A discursive psychological approach to the study of therapeutic interactions and children with autism. Qualitative Psychology, 1(2), 178–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J. N. (2015a). Leveraging two computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software packages to support discourse analysis. In S. Hai-Jew (Ed.), Enhancing qualitative and mixed methods research with technology (pp. 194–209). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J. N. (2015b). Presuming communicative competence with children with autism: A discourse analysis of the rhetoric of communication privilege. In M. O’Reilly & J. N. Lester (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of child mental health: Discourse and conversation studies (pp. 441–458). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, J. N., & Paulus, T. M. (2014). “That teacher takes everything badly”: Discursively reframing non-normative behaviors in therapy sessions. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 27(5), 641–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maynard, D. (2005). Social actions, gestalt coherence, and designations of disability: Lessons from and about Autism. Social Problems, 52, 499–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, A. (2010, May). Discourse analysis: An overview for the neophyte researcher. Journal of Health and Social Care Improvement, 1, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulvany, J. (2000). Disability, impairment or illness? The relevance of the social model of disability to the study of mental disorder. Sociology of Health and Illness, 22(5), 582–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nadesan, M. H. (2005). Constructing autism: Unraveling the ‘truth’ and understanding the social. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Dell, L., & Brownlow, C. (2015). Normative development and the autistic child. In M. O’Reilly & J. N. Lester (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of child mental health: Discourse and conversation studies (pp. 296–309). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., Karim, K., & Lester, J. (2015). Should Autism be classified as a mental illness/disability? Evidence from empirical work. In M. O’Reilly & J. N. Lester (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of child mental health: Discourse and conversation studies (pp. 252–271). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., & Kiyimba, N. (2015). Advanced qualitative research: A guide to contemporary theoretical debates. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., Lester, J., & Muskett, T. (2016). Special section editorial: Discourse/conversation analysis and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(2), 355–359.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., & Lester, J. N. (Eds.). (2015). The Palgrave handbook of child mental health: Discourse and conversation studies. London: Palgrave-Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., & Lester, J. N. (Eds.). (2016). The Palgrave handbook of adult mental health: Discourse and conversation studies. London: Palgrave-Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ormston, R., Spencer, L., Barnard, M., & Snape, D. (2014). The foundations of qualitative research. In J. Ritchie, J. Lewis, C. McNaughton-Nicholls, & R. Ormston (Eds.), Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers (pp. 1–26). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulus, T. M., & Lester, J. N. (2016). ATLAS.Ti for conversation and discourse analysis studies. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 19(4), 405–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, J., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Discourse and social psychology. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rocque, B. (2007). Producing personhood in children with autism. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spector, M., & Kitsuse, J. (1977). Constructing social problems. Menlo Park, CA: Cummings.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stribling, P., Rae, J., & Dickerson, P. (2007). Two forms of spoken repetition in a girl with autism. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 42(4), 427–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, M. (2006). The social construction of mental illness and its implication for the recovery model. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 10(1), 71–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetherell, M., Taylor, S., & Yates, S. (Eds.). (2001). Discourse theory and practice: A reader. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wooffitt, R. (2005). Conversation analysis and discourse analysis: A comparative and critical introduction. London: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: WHO.

    Google Scholar 

Recommended Reading

  • Gee, J. P. (2010). How to do discourse analysis: A tool kit. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jørgensen, M. W., & Phillips, L. J. (2002). Discourse analysis as theory and method. London: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., Lester, J., & Muskett, T. (2016). Special section editorial: Discourse/conversation analysis and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(2), 355–359.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, M., & Lester, J. N. (Eds.). (2015). The Palgrave handbook of child mental health: Discourse and conversation studies. London: Palgrave-Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, L. A., & Kroger, R. O. (2000). Doing discourse analysis: Methods for studying action in talk and text. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woofit, R. (2005). Conversation analysis and discourse analysis: A comparative and critical introduction. London: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

O’Reilly, M., Lester, J.N. (2017). Social Constructionism, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and the Discursive Approaches. In: O'Reilly, M., Lester, J., Muskett, T. (eds) A Practical Guide to Social Interaction Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. The Language of Mental Health. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59236-1_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics