Skip to main content

Abstract

Social spaces that are mediated by technology often invite opportunities for deception and abuse. This chapter examines the role and intentions of the ‘troll’ within online communities and considers how trolling behaviour has evolved and adapted to new online environments. In understanding why people engage in deviant forms of online behaviour, this chapter explores how the online environment itself could provide the conditions for people to engage in trolling, and how the responses of others could potentially reinforce hostile online behaviour. This chapter argues that exploring the expected social norms of an online space that are built through group identification could further aid in understanding the meaning of deviancy endorsed by a group, and the significance of the troll in defining online communities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson, A. A., Brossard, D., Scheufele, D. A., Xenos, M. A., & Ladwig, P. (2014). The “nasty effect:” Online incivility and risk perceptions of emerging technologies. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19, 373–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, J. (2014). Representations of ‘trolls’ in mass media communication: A review of media-texts and moral panics relating to ‘internet trolling’. International Journal of Web Based Communities, 10, 7–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brody, N., & Peña, J. (2013). Face threatening messages and attraction in social networking sites: Reconciling strategic self-presentation with negative online perceptions. In C. Cunningham (Ed.), Social networking and impression management: Self-presentation in the digital age. Plymouth: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckles, E. E., Trapnell, P. D., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Trolls just want to have fun. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 97–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chesney, T., Coyne, I., Logan, B., & Madden, N. (2009). Griefing in virtual worlds: Causes, casualties and coping strategies. Information Systems Journal, 19, 525–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, D., & Acquisti, A. (2013, June). The more social cues, the less trolling? An empirical study of online commenting behavior. Paper presented at the Proceeding of the Twelfth Workshop on the Economics of Information Security (WEIS 2013), Washington, DC: Georgetown University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cho, D., & Kwon, K. H. (2015). The impacts of identity verification and disclosure of social cues on flaming in online user comments. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 363–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coles, B. A., & West, M. (2016). Trolling the trolls: Online forum users constructions of the nature and properties of trolling. Computers in Human Behavior, 60, 233–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coursaris, C. K., & Liu, M. (2009). An analysis of social support exchanges in online HIV/AIDS self-help groups. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 911–918.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craker, N., & March, E. (2016). The dark side of Facebook: The dark tetrad, negative social potency, and trolling behaviours. Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 79–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Seta, G. (2013). Spraying, fishing, looking for trouble: The Chinese Internet and a critical perspective on the concept of trolling. The Fibreculture Journal, 22, 301–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denegri-Knott, J., & Taylor, J. (2005). The labeling game: A conceptual exploration of deviance on the Internet. Social Science Computer Review, 23, 93–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E. (1979). Deindividuation, self-awareness, and disinhibition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1160–1171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ditrich, L., & Sassenberg, K. (2017). Kicking out the trolls—Antecedents of social exclusion intentions in Facebook groups. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 32–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donath, J. S. (1999). Identity and deception in the virtual community. In M. A. Smith & P. Kollock (Eds.), Communities in cyberspace. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Escartin, M. C. P. D. (2015). Rogue cops among rogues: Trolls and trolling in social networking sites. Philippine Sociological Review, 63, 169–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foo, C. Y. (2008). Grief play management: A qualitative study of grief play management in MMORPGs. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foo, C. Y., & Koivisto, E. M. I. (2004). Defining grief play in MMORPGs: player and developer perceptions. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (pp. 245–250). New York: ACM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J., & Tang, W. Y. (2014). Sexism in online video games: The role of conformity to masculine norms and social dominance orientation. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 314–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardaker, C. (2010). Trolling in asynchronous computer-mediated communication: From user discussions to academic definitions. Journal of Politeness Research: Language, Behaviour, Culture, 6, 215–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardaker, C., & McGlashan, M. (2016). “Real men don’t hate women”: Twitter rape threats and group identity. Journal of Pragmatics, 91, 80–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herring, S., Job-Sluder, K., Scheckler, R., & Barab, S. (2002). Searching for safety online: Managing “trolling” in a feminist forum. The Information Society, 18, 371–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooper, V., & Kalidas, T. (2012). Acceptable and unacceptable behaviour on social networking sites: A study of the behavioural norms of youth on Facebook. The Electronic Journal Information Systems Evaluation, 15, 259–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jane, E. (2015). Flaming? What flaming? The pitfalls and potentials of researching online hostility. Ethics and Information Technology, 17, 65–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karppi, T. (2013). ‘Change name to no one. Like people’s status’: Facebook trolling and managing online personas. The Fibreculture Journal, 22, 278–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirman, B., Lineham, C., & Lawson, S. (2012, May). Exploring mischief and mayhem in social computing or: How we learned to stop worrying and love the trolls. In CHI’12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 121–130). New York: ACM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knuttila, L. (2011). User unknown: 4chan, anonymity and contingency. First Monday, 16, 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ladanyi, J., & Doyle-Portillo, S. (2017). The development and validation of the grief play scale (GPS) in MMORPGs. Personality and Individual Differences, 114, 125–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lapidot-Lefler, N., & Barak, A. (2012). Effects of anonymity, invisibility, and lack or eye-contact on toxic online disinhibition. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 434–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lea, M., Spears, R., & Postmes, T. (2001). Social psychological theories of computer-mediated communication: Social pain or social gain. In W. P. Robinson & H. Giles (Eds.), The new handbook of language and social psychology (pp. 601–623). Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leaver, T. (2013). Olympic trolls: Mainstream memes and digital discord? The Fibreculture Journal, 22, 216–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maratea, R. J., & Kavanaugh, P. R. (2012). Deviant identity in online contexts: New directives in the study of a classic concept. Sociology Compass, 6, 102–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • March, E., Grieve, R., Marrington, J., & Jonason, P. K. (2017). Trolling on Tinder (and other dating apps): Examining the role of the dark tetrad and impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 139–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna, K. Y., Green, A. S., & Gleason, M. E. (2002). Relationship formation on the Internet: What’s the big attraction? Journal of Social Issues, 58, 9–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milner, R. M. (2013). Hacking the social: Internet memes, identity antagonism, and the logic of lulz. The Fibreculture Journal, 22, 62–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moor, P. J., Heuvelman, A., & Verleur, R. (2010). Flaming on YouTube. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1536–1546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls, S. B., & Rice, R. E. (2017). A dual-identity model of responses to deviance in online groups: Integrating social identity theory and expectancy violations theory. Communication Theory, 27, 243–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, W. (2012). The house that fox built: Anonymous, spectacle, and cycles of amplification. Television & New Media, 14, 494–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (1998). Deindividuation and antinormative behavior: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 123, 238–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Postmes, T., Spears, R., & Lea, M. (2000). The formation of group norms in computer-mediated communication. Human Communication Research, 26, 341–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reicher, S. D., Spears, R., & Postmes, T. (1995). A social identity model of deindividuation phenomena. European Review of Social Psychology, 6, 161–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rösner, L., Winter, S., & Krämer, N. C. (2016). Dangerous minds? Effects of uncivil online comments on aggressive cognitions, emotions, and behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 461–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shachaf, P., & Hara, N. (2010). Beyond vandalism: Wikipedia trolls. Journal of Information Science, 36, 357–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stroud, S. R. (2014). The dark side of the online self: A pragmatist critique of the growing plague of revenge porn. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 29, 168–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 7, 321–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Synnott, J., Coulias, A., & Ioannou, M. (2017). Online trolling: The case of Madeleine McCann. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 70–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, M. (2000). Virtually criminal: Discourse, deviance and anxiety within virtual communities. International Review of Law Computers and Technology, 14, 95–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xing, X., Liang, Y. L., Cheng, H., Dang, J., Huang, S., Han, R., et al. (2011, March). Safevchat: Detecting obscene content and misbehaving users in online video chat services. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on World Wide Web (pp. 685–694). New York: ACM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Wu, H. Y., Huang, C. J., & Ko, C. H. (2011). Hostility in the real world and online: The effect of Internet addiction, depression, and online activity. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 649–655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dave Harley .

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Harley, D., Morgan, J., Frith, H. (2018). Behaving Badly. In: Cyberpsychology as Everyday Digital Experience across the Lifespan. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59200-2_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics