Abstract
Ma characteristics can be observed as phenomena (events and matters) in the daily hands-on activities of people working not only in business and management activities, but also in architecture, the arts, language, culture and so forth. Leading practitioners demonstrate Ma thinking either consciously or unconsciously to achieve innovations, doing so not only in the world of business and management but in other areas.
This chapter begins by presenting a theoretical concept of the five types of Ma thinking. It then provides a theoretical framework for the five architect capabilities that are born of Ma thinking, in the context of architect capability. Finally, the chapter identifies how the five architect capabilities of practitioners based on the five types of Ma thinking achieve innovation by dynamically synthesizing paradoxical thoughts and actions.
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Notes
- 1.
Brown (2005, p. 1230) stated, “Chance encounters, accidental occurrences and sheer good fortune loom large in business life. Everyone is familiar with the fortuitous stories mentioned … as well as with others such as those of Velcro, Corn Flakes, Band Aids, Post-it Notes and Nike’s waffle sole, to say nothing of Teflon, Kevlar, dynamite, artificial dyes, polyurethane and penicillin.”
- 2.
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Kodama, M. (2017). The Five Types of Ma Thinking and Five Architect Capabilities: Theoretical Concepts. In: Kodama, M. (eds) Ma Theory and the Creative Management of Innovation. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59194-4_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59194-4_2
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