Abstract
The story of the Kozarac returnee community is one of solidarity, rediscovered agency and strength born out of suffering, from its beginnings in violent ethnic cleansing, the camps and displacement, through the fightback led by the 17th Brigade and on to the return process itself. This experience gave the community confidence and shaped their strategies in navigating the politically fraught, and at times violent, landscape of refugee return in Bosnia. For many of them, return to Kozarac seemed to close the circle that began in 1992, and they hoped it would alleviate their feelings of dehumanisation and loss. But in reality, neither the struggle for return nor the physical rebuilding of the town could recreate the community and life they had before the war, nor overcome the challenges of contested return in a hostile environment. It would take another decade to accept the fact that, although the community was rebuilt, it remains a ‘returnee community’ that is separated from the wider municipality of Prijedor.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ackermann, A. (1994). Reconciliation as a peace-building process in post-war Europe: The Franco-German case. Peace and Change, 19(3), 229–250.
Ahmetasevic, N. (2015, November 4). Bosnia’s unending war. The New Yorker.
Albeck, J. H., Adwan, S., & Bar-On, D. (2002). Dialogue groups: TRT’s guide-lines for working through intractable conflicts by personal storytelling in encounter groups. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 8(4), 301–322.
Bar-On, D. (2007). Reconciliation revisited for more conceptual and empirical clarity. In J. Bec-Neumann (Ed.), Darkness at noon: War crimes, genocides and memories (pp. 63–84). Sarajevo: Centre for Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Studies (CIPS), University of Sarajevo.
Brewer, J. (2010, September 30). Compromise after conflict, a public lecture. Institute for Advance Studies in Culture, University of Virginia.
Buruma, I. (2014). Theater of cruelty: Art, film, and the shadows of war. New York: New York Review of Books.
Chapman, A. R. (2009). Approaches to studying reconciliation. In H. Van der Merwe, V. Baxter, & A. R. Chapman (Eds.), Assessing the impact of transitional justice: Challenges for empirical research (pp. 143–172). Washington, DC: The United States Institute of Peace Press.
Colvin, C. J. (2000). ‘We are still struggling’: Storytelling, reparations and reconciliation after the TRC. Johannesburg: The Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation.
Dijk, J. V. (2009). Free the victim: A critique of the Western conception of victimhood. International Review of Victimology, 16(1), 1–33.
Hall, J., & Kostić, R. (2009). Does integration encourage reconciliatory attitudes among diasporas? In Global migration and transnational politics working paper no. 7 (pp. 1–10). Center for Global Studies, George Mason University.
Hamber, B., & Van der Merwe, H. (1998). What is this thing called Reconcilia- tion? Reconciliation in Review, 1(1), 3–6. Centre for the Studies of Violence and Reconciliation.
Herman, J. (1992/1997). Trauma and recovery. New York: Basic Books.
Hinton, A. L. (2010). Transitional justice: Global mechanisms and local realities after genocide and mass violence. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Hodzic, R. (2010). Living the legacy of mass atrocities. Victims’ perspectives on war crimes trials. Journal of International Criminal Justice. Oxford Journals, 8(1), 113–136.
Hodzic, R. (2015). Flowers in the square: A struggle for justice in a Bosnian community whose significance resonates far beyond the Balkans. International Centre for Transitional Justice. https://www.ictj.org/flowers-square-prijedor/
Jones, R. C. (2011). The local economic imprint of return migrants in Bolivia. Population, Space and Place, 17(5), 435–453.
Kirmayer, L. J., Lemelson, R., & Barad, M. (2008). Understanding trauma: Integrating biological, clinical and cultural perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kleinman, A. (1997). “Everything that really matters”: Social suffering, subjectivity, and the remaking of human experience in a disordering world. Harvard Theological Review, 90(3), 315–335.
Kleinman, A., & Kleinman, J. (1996). The appeal of experiences; The dismay of images: Cultural appropriation of suffering in our times. Daedalus, 125(1), 1–23.
Lederach, J. P. (1997). Building peace: Sustainable reconciliation in divided societies. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
Maoz, I. (2011). Does contact work in protracted asymmetrical conflict? Appraising 20 years of reconciliation-aimed encounters between Israeli Jews and Palestinians. Journal of Peace Research, 48(1), 115–125.
Nadler, A., Malloy, E. T., & Fisher, J. D. (Eds.) (2008). The social psychology of intergroup reconciliation. Oxford University Press.
Pickering, P. (2007). Peacebuilding in the Balkans. The view from the ground floor. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Ross, F. (2003). Bearing witness: Women and the truth and reconciliation commission in South Africa. London: Pluto Press.
Saunders, R. (2008). Lost in translation: Expressions of human suffering, the language of human rights, and the South African truth and reconciliation commission. International Journal of Human Rights, 5(9), 52–75.
Torpey, J. (2006). Making whole what has been smashed. On reparations politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Weinstein, H. (2014). Victims, transitional justice and social reconstruction: Who is setting the agenda? In I. Vanfraechem, A. Pemberton, & F. M. Ndahinda (Eds.), Justice for victims: Perspectives on rights, transition and reconciliation (pp. 161–178). London/New York: Routledge.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sivac-Bryant, S. (2016). Conclusion: On Return as Redress. In: Re-Making Kozarac. Palgrave Studies in Compromise after Conflict. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58838-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58838-8_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-58837-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-58838-8
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)