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EU-China-Africa Trilateral Relations in a Multipolar World pp 29–46Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Reconceptualising EU Foreign Policy in a Multipolar World

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Part of the book series: The European Union in International Affairs ((EUIA))

Abstract

The second chapter introduces a new analytical framework for the study of the EU’s foreign policy in an emerging multipolar world. The framework draws attention to three different levels of EU foreign policy: bilateralism, multilateralism and trilateralism. Moreover, it draws on the concepts of EU foreign policy strategy, EU foreign policy instruments and policy responses by the EU’s partners. The EU’s foreign policy strategy is aimed at establishing a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. In order to reach a CSP, EU foreign policy relies on the instrument of engagement. The analytical framework distinguishes between two different types of engagement: transformative and reciprocal engagement. The responses of the EU’s strategic partners are analysed in relation to the choice of both policy instruments.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Certain parts of this chapter draw on elements developed in my Working Paper “A Novel Conceptual Framework for the Study of EU Foreign Policy in a Multipolar World: The Case of EU-China-Africa Relations”, published by the Freie Univeristät Berlin, NFG Asian Perceptions of the EU, No. 14/2015.

  2. 2.

    EU institutions include the European Commission, Council of the EU, European Council, European Parliament, European Court of Justice, European Court of Auditors, European Economic and Social Committee, Committee of the Regions, European Investment Bank (EIB), European Central Bank (ECB).

  3. 3.

    Under José Manuel Barroso’s first term as Commission President (2004–2009), the following two DGs were primarily involved in EU foreign policymaking: DG RELEX and DG DEV.

  4. 4.

    COREPER is an acronym made up of the initial letters of the French title for the Committee of Permanent Representatives: Comité des Représentants Permanents.

  5. 5.

    The working groups of the Council can be divided into thematic working groups – e.g. the Working Group on Development Cooperation (CODEV), the Working Group on Human Rights (COHOM) – and geographic working groups – e.g. the Working Group for Africa (COAFR) and the Asia-Oceania Working Group (COASI).

  6. 6.

    Committees of the European Parliament involved in EU foreign policy include the Foreign Affairs Committee (AFET), the Development Committee (DEVE) and the International Trade Committee (INTA).

  7. 7.

    The TEC was renamed the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).

  8. 8.

    See Chapter 1, Section 1.4 for a brief review of EFP scholarship.

  9. 9.

    The CFSP was established by the Maastricht Treaty as the second pillar of the EU. It is based on intergovernmental decision-making between member states. It only deals with a specific part of EU Foreign Policy and is mainly directed towards security and defence diplomacy and actions.

  10. 10.

    EU external relations include policy fields such as trade, development, enlargement, humanitarian assistance, as well as external environmental and migration policy as an inherent part of foreign policy.

  11. 11.

    For a more detailed explanation of the concept, see Chapter 5.

  12. 12.

    The notion of strategy has been used at various points in time and in different cultural settings, as well as variety of different individuals, such as military officers, policymakers or business representatives. Most well-known are The Art of War by Sun Tzu and On War by Carl von Clausewitz.

  13. 13.

    See Chapter 7, Section 7.2 of this book.

  14. 14.

    It is important to highlight that the concept of CSP does not completely rule out the possibility of competition. The rise of emerging economies leads to a shift in global investment and trade flows and therefore exposes the EU to growing competition. The EU foreign policy strategy of CSP presents a way of managing this economic competition without eliminating it.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Europe, Bruges, Belgium

    Anna Katharina Stahl

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  1. Anna Katharina Stahl
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Stahl, A.K. (2018). Reconceptualising EU Foreign Policy in a Multipolar World. In: EU-China-Africa Trilateral Relations in a Multipolar World. The European Union in International Affairs. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58702-2_2

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