Abstract
This chapter explores the silvering of cinema audiences contituted in terms of box office profits, Hollywood’s market research and the interface with consumer culture. An emerging and profitable ‘silver’ cinema audience is located in the context of its declining youth counterpart, while film industry responses to the silver audience are identified, including improvements to the fabric and services of movie theatres, the silvering of stardom and the proliferation of films with old age protagonists and storylines. Accounts of the cinema screen as a shop window are rehearsed while Mamma Mia! The Movie and The Best (and Second Best) Exotic Marigold Hotel exemplify the silver of profits accrued from DVD/Blu-ray, soundtrack CDs and associated download spin-off sales of old age films. The on-screen utopian pleasures of these films are aligned with a tourist gaze and the exploitation of film locations by Greek and Indian tourist industries that variously reiterate ageist, sexist, homophobic and neo-colonialist discourses.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
Acharts. (2016). Mamma Mia by soundtrack. Available at http://acharts.co/album/19642. Accessed 5 May 2016.
Allen, Robert C. (1999). Home alone together: Hollywood and the family film. In M. Stokes & R. Maltby (Eds.), Identifying Hollywood’s audiences: Cultural identity and the movies (pp. 109–134). London: BFI publishing.
Anglov, A. (2012). Best exotic marigold hotel soundtrack—Long old life—Thomas Newman. YouTube. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WzTBH64aUU. Accessed 27 March 2017.
Barnes, B., & Cieply, M. (2011, February 25). Graying audience returns to movies. New York Times. Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/26/business/media/26moviegoers.html?pagewanted=all. Accessed 22 February 2016.
Barnes & Noble. (2016). The second best exotic Marigold hotel [original soundtrack] by Thomas Newman. Available at http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-second-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-thomas-newman/28468550?ean=0888750319722. Accessed 29 April 2016.
Beeton, S. (2005). Film induced tourism. Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto: Channel View Publications.
BFI. (2015). Audiences. BFI Statistical Yearbook. Available at http://www.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-audiences-2015-11.pdf. Accessed 5 May 2016.
BFI. (2016). BFI statistics 2015: UK independent films win audiences in a blockbuster box office year. Available at http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/announcements/bfi-statistics-2015-uk-independent-films-win-audiences. Accessed 12 April 2016.
Box-Office Mojo. (undated). Available at http://www.boxofficemojo.com/. Accessed 5 September 2016.
British Universities Film and Video Council. (2011). BFI Statistical Yearbook 2011. Available at http://bufvc.ac.uk/2011/08/25/bfi-statistical-yearbook-2011. Accessed 12 September 2016.
BWW Newsdesk. (2016). Mamma Mia! DVD takes in 30 million in first day of sales. Broadway World. Available at http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/MAMMA-MIA-DVD-Takes-In-30-Million-In-First-Day-Of-Sales-20081217. Accessed 26 May 2016.
Chivers, S. (2011). The silvering screen: Old age and disability in cinema. Toronto: Toronto University Press.
Clark, N. (2013, July 24). Rise of the silver-haired screen: Older people take largest share of cinema audiences. The Independent. Available at http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/rise-of-the-silver-haired-screen-older-people-take-largest-share-of-cinema-audiences-8728982.html. Accessed 27 February 2016.
Conrich, I., & Tincknell, E. (Eds.). (2006). Film’s musical moments. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Corbin, A. (2014). Travelling through cinema space: The film spectator as tourist. Continuum, 28(3), 314–329.
Cox, D. (2012, March 8). How older viewers are rescuing cinema. The Guardian. Available at http://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/mar/08/older-viewers-rescuing-cinema. Accessed 10 January 2016.
Dallari, F., & Nicosia, E. (Eds.). (2015). Film-induced tourism special issue. AlmaTourism: The Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 6(4). Available at https://almatourism.unibo.it/issue/view/493. Accessed 14 August 2016.
Di Regula, T. (2016). Mamma Mia movie locations: Where was Mamma Mia shot in Greece? Go Greece: About Travel. Available at http://gogreece.about.com/od/greecemovies/a/mammamiamovie.html. Accessed 20 May 2016.
Dolan, J. (2014). Smoothing the wrinkles: Hollywood, old age femininity and the pathological gaze. In C. Carter, L. Steiner, & L. McLaughlin (Eds.), The Routledge companion to media and gender (pp. 342–351). London and New York: Routledge.
Dolan, J. (2016). ‘Old age’ films: Golden retirement, dispossession and disturbance. Journal of British Cinema and Television, 13(4), 571–589.
Dolan, J., & Tincknell, E. (2012). Introduction. In J. Dolan and E. Tincknell (Eds), Aging femininities: Troubling representations (pp. vii–xxi). Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press.
Dyer, R. (1992). Only entertainment. London and New York: Routledge.
Dyer, R. (1997). White. London and New York: Routledge.
Eckert, C. (1991). The Carol Lombard in Macy’s window. In C. Gledhill (Ed.), Stardom: Industry of desire (pp. 30–39). London and New York: Routledge.
Edwards, A. (2012, October 12). Mamma Mia! Abba’s album of greatest hits is Britain’s best selling CD album EVER as sales hit four million since it was released 30 years ago. The Daily Mail. Available at http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2211156/Abba-greatest-hits-GOLD-best-selling-CD-album-EVER-sales-hit-million-released-30-years-ago.html. Accessed 20 April 2016.
Egan, K., & Kerstin L. (2013). The same old song? Exploring conceptions of the ‘feelgood’ film in the talk of Mamma Mias! Older viewers. In L. Fitzgerald & M. Williams (Eds.), Exploring a cultural phenomenon: Mamma Mia! the movie (pp. 127–144). London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
Fitzgerald, L., & Williams, M. (Eds.). (2013). Exploring a cultural phenomenon: Mamma Mia! the movie. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
Garrahan, M. (2009, January 16). Hollywood stars to feel the pinch from DVD slump. Financial Times. Available at http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8bd10674-e36f-11dd-a5cf-0000779fd2ac.html. Accessed 21 February 2016.
Gastin, Z. (2012). Best exotic marigold hotel soundtrack—Long old life—Thomas Newman. YouTube. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WzTBH64aUU. Accessed 27 March 2017.
Gomery, D. (1985). The coming of television and the ‘lost’ motion picture audience. Journal of Film and Video, 37(3), 5–11.
Gorbman, C. (1987). Unheard melodies: Narrative film music. London: British Film Institute.
Gravagne, P. (2013). The becoming of age: Cinematic visions of mind, body and identity in later life. Jefferson: MacFarland.
Gritten, D. (2015, February 24). The best exotic marigold hotel: Review. The Daily Telegraph. Available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/.../The-Best-Exotic-Marigold-Hotel-review.html. Accessed 12 April 2017.
Guilbert, G. (2013). Dancing queens indeed: When gay subtext is gayer than gay text. In L. Fitzgerald & M. Williams (Eds.), Exploring a cultural phenomenon: Mamma Mia! the movie (pp. 177–188). London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
Gullette, M. M. (2004). Aged by culture. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Haskell, M. (1974). From reverence to rape: The treatment of women in the movies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hill, J. (1992). The issue of national cinema and British film production. In D. Petrie (Ed.), New questions of British cinema (pp. 10–21). London: British Film Institute.
Hollands, M. (2015, March 1). The second best Marigold hotel (Review). Film Music Media. Available at http://www.filmmusicmedia.com/reviews/thesecondbestexoticmarigoldhotelbythomasnewmanreview. Accessed April 2016.
Hunter, I. Q. (2013). My, my, how did I resist you? In L. Fitzgerald & M. Williams (Eds.), Exploring a cultural phenomenon: Mamma Mia! The movie (pp. 145–162). London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
ICO. (undated). Segmentation analysis. ICO. Available at http://www.independentcinemaoffice.org.uk/resources/how-to-start-a-local-cinema/understanding-audiences/segmentation-analysis. Accessed 12 December 2016.
Ionian Weddings. (2016a). Weddings in Skopelos. Ionian Weddings. Available at http://www.ionianweddings.co.uk/destinations/greek-aegean-islands/skopelos/. Accessed 5 May 2016.
Ionian Weddings. (2016b). Weddings in Skiathos. Ionian Weddings. Available at http://www.ionianweddings.co.uk/destinations/greek-aegean-islands/skiathos/. Accessed 5 May 2016.
Jenkins, C. (2013). Not too old for sex? Mamma Mia! and the ‘older bird; chick flick’. In L. Fitzgerald & M. Williams (Eds.), Exploring a cultural phenomenon: Mamma Mia! the movie (pp. 94–108). London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
Jermyn, D. (2014). “The (un-botoxed) face of a hollywood revolution”: Merryl Streep and the “Greying” of mainstream cinema. In I. Whelehan & J. Gwynne (Eds.), Ageing, popular culture and contemporary feminism: Harleys and hormones (pp. 108–124). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kaklamanidou, B. (2013). The power of sisterhood: Mamma Mia! as female friendship film. In L. Fitzgerald & M. Williams (Eds.), Exploring a cultural phenomenon: Mamma Mia! the movie (pp. 94–108). London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
Lane, D. (2013, May 19). ABBA overtake the beatles to score UK’s second biggest selling album. The Official Charts. Available at http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/abba-overtake-the-beatles-to-score-uk-s-second-biggest-selling-album__3041/. Accessed 27 April 2016.
last.fm. (2016). last.fm. Available at http://www.last.fm/music. Accessed 29 April 2016.
Mamma Mia: Weddings in Greece. (2016). Mamma Mia: Weddings in Greece. Available at http://mammamia-weddings.co.uk/. Accessed 15 May 2016.
Moggach, D. (2004). These foolish things. London: Chatto and Windus.
Movieguide. (2016). Who Goes to the Movies? Available at https://www.movieguide.org/news-articles/hollywood-demographics-2.html. Accessed 23 April 2016.
Nathan, I. (2009, January). Yo mamma! Empire, 158.
Official Charts. (2016). Official DVD chart top 100. Official Charts. Available at http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/dvd-chart/. Accessed 10 May 2016.
On the go Tours. (2016). On the go Tours. Available at http://www.onthegotours.com/India/Best-Exotic-Marigold-Tour-10-days#fndtn-itinerary. Accessed 12 March 2016.
Parchment, R. (2014). Best exotic marigold hotel soundtrack—Long old life—Thomas Newman. YouTube. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WzTBH64aUU. Accessed 27 March 2017.
Perkins, S. (2012). Film in the UK, 2001–10: A statistical overview. Journal of British Cinema and Television, 9(3), 310–332.
Phares, H. (2012). AllMusic review. AllMusic. Available at http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-best-exotic-marigold-hotel-music-from-the-motion-picture-mw0002311506. Accessed 20 May 2016.
Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Schaap, R. (2011). No country for old women: Gendering cinema in conglomerate hollywood. In H. Radner & R. Stringer (Eds.), Feminism at the movies: Understanding gender in contemporary popular cinema (pp. 151–163). New York and London: Routledge.
Schatz, T. (2009). New Hollywood, new millenium. In Warren Buckland (Ed.), Film Theory and Contemporary Hollywood movies (pp. 19–46). New York and London: Routledge.
Senior Movie Club. (undated). Muller film & television education foundation. Available at http://foundationsite.org/education-outreach/senior-movie-club. Accessed 27 October 2017.
Simon, R. (2012). Best exotic marigold hotel soundtrack—Long old life—Thomas Newman. YouTube. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WzTBH64aUU. Accessed 27 March 2017.
Smith, A. (2011). Silver screenings. Time Out. Available at http://www.timeout.com/london/film/silver-screenings. Accessed 22 February 2016.
Snyder, T. (2015). Who goes to the movies? MovieGuide. Available at https://www.movieguide.org/news-articles/who-goes-to-the-movies-2.html. Accessed 5 July 2016.
Spangler, T. (2014, December 11). Movie attendance among younger ‘digital’ audiences drops 15% in 2014: Nielsen. Variety. Available at http://variety.com/2014/digital/news/movie-attendance-among-younger-digital-audiences-drops-15-in-2014-nielsen-1201377127/. Accessed 22 February 2016.
Swinnen, A. (2015). Ageing in film—An overview. In J. Twigg & W. Martin (Eds.), Routledge handbook for cultural gerontology (pp. 69–76). London and New York: Routledge.
The Numbers. (2008). Mamma Mia! The Numbers. Available at http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Mamma-Mia#tab=more. Accessed 12 May 2016.
Turner, G. (2004) (2014 reprint). Understanding Celebrity. London: SAGE.
Turner, R. (2015a). Travel and tourism economic impact 2015 world. World Travel and Tourism Council. Available at http://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/regional%202015/world2015.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2016.
Turner, R. (2015b). Travel and tourism economic impact 2015 Greece. World Travel and Tourism Council. Available at http://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/countries%202015/greece2015.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2016.
Turner, R. (2015c). Travel and tourism economic impact 2015 India. World Travel and Tourism Council. Available at https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/countries%202015/india2015.pdf. Accessed 14 September 2016.
Urry, J. (1990). The Tourist Gaze. London, Thousand Oaks, CA, and New Delhi: SAGE.
Vasiljev, G. (2014). Best exotic marigold hotel soundtrack—Long old life—Thomas Newman. YouTube. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WzTBH64aUU. Accessed 27 March 2017.
Vid, C. (2013). ABBA Fest—Dancing Queen at Hollywood bowl 2013. YouTube. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WzTBH64aUU. Accessed 4 January 2016.
We Are Film UK. (2016). Sources of funding. Available at http://www.weareukfilm.com/financing-in-the-uk. Accessed 14 April 2016.
Wearing, S. (2007). Subjects of rejuvenation: Aging in a postfeminist culture. In Y. Tasker & D. Negra (Eds.), Interrogating postfeminism: Gender and the politics of popular culture (pp. 277–310). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Wenn. (2008). Streep: Mamma Mia! splits were real. Contactmusic.net. Available at http://www.contactmusic.net/meryl-streep/news/streep-mamma-mia-splits-were-real_1073100. Accessed 4 June 2017.
Whelehan, I., & Gwynne, J. (Eds.). (2014a). Ageing, popular culture and contemporary feminism: Harleys and hormones. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Whelehan, I., & Gwynne, J. (2014b). Introduction: Popular culture’s silver tsunami. In I. Whelehan & J. Gwynne (Eds.), Ageing, popular culture and contemporary feminism: Harleys and hormones (pp. 1–13). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wikipedia. (2016). Mamma Mia! Available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamma_Mia!. Accessed 1 May 2016.
Wild Frontiers Travel. (2016). The Marigold hotel Rajasthan tour. Wild Frontiers Travel. Available at https://www.wildfrontierstravel.com/en_GB/tailor-made/7129/the-marigold-hotel-rajasthan-tour. Accessed 5 May 2016.
Wocjik, P. R., & Knight, A. (Eds.). (2001). Soundtrack available: Essays on film and popular music. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Womack, M. (2013). Everyone listens when I start to sing: Gender and ventriloquism in the songs of Mamma Mia! on stage and screen. In L. Fitzgerald & M. Williams (Eds.), Exploring a cultural phenomenon: Mamma Mia! the movie (pp. 20–36). London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
You Tube GB. (2012, March 2). Best exotic marigold hotel soundtrack—Long old life—Thomas Newman. YouTube. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WzTBH64aUU. Accessed 14 September 2016.
You Tube GB. (2012, March 21). Selections from the best exotic marigold hotel OST—Thomas Newman. YouTube. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itp06PH9MjU. Accessed 14 September 2016.
Screenography
Alien. (1979) DVD. Directed by Ridley Scott. USA/UK: 20th Century Fox.
American Sniper. (2014) DVD. Directed by Clint Eastwood. USA: Warner Brothers Pictures.
Batman. (1989) DVD. Directed by Tim Burton. USA: Warner Brothers Pictures.
Black Swan. (2010) DVD. Directed by Darren Aronofsky. USA: Fox Searchlight Pictures.
Bridget Jones’s Diary. (2001) DVD. Directed by Sharon Macguire. USA/UK/France: Miramax Films [USA] Universal Pictures [International].
Brief Encounter. (1944) DVD. Directed by David Lean. UK: Eagle Lion Distributors, Universal Pictures.
Brooklyn. (2015) DVD. Directed by John Crowley. Canada/Ireland/UK/USA: Fox Searchlight Pictures [USA] 20th Century Fox [International] Lionsgate [UK].
Calendar Girls. (2003) DVD. Directed by Nigel Cole. UK: Buena Vista Pictures.
Carol. (2015) DVD. Directed by Todd Haynes. UK/USA: Studio Canal [UK] Weinstein Company [USA].
Cheers. (1982–1993). DVD Box Set. Directed by multiple directors (see IMDB). USA: NBC.
Dirty Grandpa. (2016) DVD. Directed by Dan Mazer. USA: Lionsgate.
Finding Nemo. (2003) DVD. Directed by Andrew Stanton. USA: Buena Vista Pictures.
Fried Green Tomatoes. (1991) DVD. Directed by Jon Avnet. USA: Universal Pictures.
High Noon. (1952) DVD. Directed by Fred Zimmerman. USA: United Artists.
Hope Springs. (2012) DVD. Directed by David Frankel. USA: Columbia Pictures Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures.
Kingsman: The Secret Service. (2014). Directed by Matthew Vaughn. UK/USA: 20th Century Fox.
Ladies in Lavender. (2014) DVD. Directed by Charles Dance. UK: Lakeshore International.
Les Misérables. (2012) DVD. Directed by Tom Hooper. USA/UK: Universal Pictures.
Lord of the Rings: Fellowship of the Ring. (2001) DVD. Directed by Peter Jackson. New Zealand/UK: New Line Cinema.
Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. (2003) DVD. Directed by Peter Jackson. New Zealand/UK: New Line Cinema.
Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers. (2002) DVD. Directed by Peter Jackson. New Zealand/UK: New Line Cinema.
Mamma Mia! The Movie. (2008) DVD. Directed by Phyllida Lloyd. UK/USA/Sweden: Universal Pictures.
Marie Antoinette. (2006) DVD. Directed by Sofia Coppola. USA/France/Japan: Columbia Pictures.
Mr. Turner. (2014) DVD. Directed by Mike Leigh. UK/France/Germany: Entertainment One.
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. (2003) DVD. Directed by Gore Verbinski. USA: Buena Vista Pictures.
Pulp Fiction. (1994) Cinema Release. Directed by Quentin Tarantino. USA: Miramax Films.
Quartet. (2012) DVD. Directed by Dustin Hoffman. UK: Momentum Pictures.
Return of the Jedi. (1983) DVD. Directed by Richard Marquand. USA: 20th Century Fox.
Salmon Fishing in the Yemen. (2011) Cinema Release. Directed by Lasse Halström. UK: Lionsgate [UK] CBS Films [USA].
Selma. (2014) DVD. Directed by Ava du Vernay. USA/UK: Paramount Pictures.
Sex and the City. (1998–2004) DVD Box Set. Directed by multiple directors (see IMDB). USA: HBO.
Sex and the City. (2008) Cinema Release. Directed by Michael Patrick King. USA: New Line Cinema [USA] Warner Brothers Pictures [International].
Skyfall. (2012) Cinema Release. Directed by Sam Mendes. UK/USA: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Columbia Pictures.
Something’s Gotta Give. (2004) DVD. Directed by Nancy Meyers. USA: Columbia Pictures [USA], Warner Bros. Pictures [International].
Spectre. (2015) Cinema Release. Directed by Sam Mendes. UK/USA: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Columbia Pictures.
Star Wars. (1977 onwards) DVD. Directed by George Lucas (1977, 1999, 2007, 2002); Irvin Kershner (1980); Richard Marquand (1983); J. J. Abrams (2015); Rian Johnson (2017). USA: 20th Century Fox (1977–2005); Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (2016–17).
Taken 3. (2015) DVD. Directed by Oliver Megaton. France: 20th Century Fox[US], Europa Corp [France].
Terminator 2: Genisys. (2015) Cinema Release. Directed by Alan Taylor. USA: Paramount Pictures.
The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel. (2011) DVD. Directed by John Madden. UK: Fox Searchlight Pictures.
The Bucket List. (2007) DVD. Directed by Rob Reiner. USA: Warner Bros. Pictures.
The Expendables. (2010) DVD. Directed by Sylvester Stallone. USA: Lionsgate.
The Expendables 2. (2012) DVD. Directed by Simon West. USA: Lionsgate.
The Expendables 3. (2014) Cinema Release. Directed by Patrick Hughes. USA: Lionsgate.
The Golden Girls. (1985–1992) DVD. USA: NBC.
The Great Gatsby. (2014) DVD. Directed by Baz Luhrmann. Australia/USA: Warner Bros. Pictures [United States], Roadshow Entertainment [Australia].
The Help. (2011) DVD. Directed by Tate Taylor. USA: Walt Disney Studios, Motion Pictures.
The Hobbit: The Motion Picture Trilogy. (2012) DVD Box Set. Directed by Peter Jackson. New Zealand/UK: Warner Bros. Pictures.
The Iron Lady. (2011) DVD. Directed by Phyllida Lloyd. UK/France: 20th Century Fox [United Kingdom], The Weinstein Company [United States], Icon Productions [Australia].
The Italian Job. (2003) DVD. Directed by F. Gary Gray. USA: Paramount Pictures.
The Jazz Singer. (1927) DVD. Directed by Alan Crosland. USA: Warner Bros. Pictures.
The King’s Speech. (2010) DVD. Directed by Tom Hooper. UK: The Weinstein Company [US], Momentum Pictures [UK].
The Lady in the Van. (2015) DVD. Directed by Nicholas Hytner. UK: Sony Pictures Classics, TriStar Pictures.
The Queen. (2006) DVD. Directed by Stephen Frears. UK/France/Italy: Pathé Pictures.
The Scent of a Woman. (1992) DVD. Directed by Martin Brest. USA: Universal Pictures.
The Sound of Music. (1965) DVD. Directed by Robert Wise. USA: 20th Century Fox.
The Wire. (2002–2008) DVD Box Set. Directed by multiple directors (see IMDB). USA: HBO.
Titanic. (1997) DVD. Directed by James Cameron. Paramount Pictures [North America]; 20th Century Fox [International].
Trainspotting. (1995) DVD. Directed by Danny Boyle. UK: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment [UK], Miramax Films [United States].
War Horse. (2011) DVD. Directed by Steven Spielberg. USA: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dolan, J. (2017). From the Silvering of Audiences to the Silver of Spin-Offs. In: Contemporary Cinema and 'Old Age'. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58402-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58402-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-58401-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-58402-1
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)