Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Dependent Agency in the Global Health Regime pp 87–111Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Complex Power on the Margins: The Implications of Dependent Agency

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 153 Accesses

Abstract

The implications of dependent agency are multifaceted. First, it may influence donors’ ability to achieve their objectives, while also reinforcing the status quo and undermining local solidarity. Second, it may shape democratization by challenging liberal citizenship and undermining transparency and accountability in decision-making. Despite these limitations, dependent agency also illustrates local people’s desire for participation and their nascent demands for the powerful to be held accountable. The work concludes by exploring how the concept of dependent agency may shape scholarship on African politics, international relations, and global health.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    CD4 refers to a specific protein found on the surface of white blood cells and necessary for immune defense. The CD4 count is widely used to measure the level of immune suppression in an HIV-positive person.

Bibliography

  • Afrobarometer. 2013a. Zambia Round 5 Summary of Results. http://www.afrobarometer.org/publications/zambia-round-5-summary-results-2013. Accessed November 13, 2014.

  • Afrobarometer. 2014. Summary of Results: Afrobarometer Round 6. Survey in Zambia 2014. http://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/publications/Summary%20of%20results/zam_r6_sor_en.pdf. Accessed October 3, 2014.

  • Andersen, Hans Christian. 1837. The Emperor’s New Clothes. Trans. Jean Hersholt. http://www.andersen.sdu.dk/vaerk/hersholt/TheEmperorsNewClothes_e.html. Accessed April 15, 2016.

  • Anderson, Emma-Louise. 2015. Gender, Risk and HIV: Navigating Structural Violence. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bach, Daniel, and Mamoudou Gazibo, eds. 2012. Neopatrimonialism in Africa and Beyond. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, Amy, Garrett Brown, and Sophie Harman. 2015. Global Politics of Health Reform in Africa: Performance, Participation and Policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bayart, Jean-François. 2000. Africa and the World: A History of Extraversion. African Affairs 99(395): 217–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benton, Adia. 2015. HIV Exceptionalism: Development through Disease in Sierra Leone. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Beresford, Alexander. 2015. Power, Patronage and Gatekeeper Politics in South Africa. African Affairs 114(455): 226–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bierschenk, Thomas, Jean-Pierre Chauveau, and Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan. 2002. Local Development Brokers in Africa: The Rise of a New Social Category. Working Paper 13. Department of Anthropology and African Studies. Mainz: Johannes Gutenberg University. http://www.ifeas.uni-mainz.de/Dateien/Local.pdf. Accessed March 27, 2016.

  • Bird-David, Nurit. 1990. The Giving Environment: Another Perspective on the Economic System of Gatherer-Hunters. Current Anthropology 1(2): 189–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bleiker, Roland. 2000. Popular Dissent, Human Agency and Global Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Boesten, Jelke. 2011. Navigating the AIDS Industry: Being Positive and Poor in Tanzania. Development and Change 42(3): 781–803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Branch, Adam, and Zachariah Mampilly. 2015. Africa Uprising: Popular Protest and Political Change. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bratton, Michael, and Carolyn Logan. 2013. Voters but Not Yet Citizens: The Weak Demand for Vertical Accountability. In Voting and Democratic Citizenship in Africa, ed. Michael Bratton, 197–215. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, Garrett W. 2014. Norm Diffusion and Health System Strengthening. Review of International Studies 40(5): 877–896.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, Stephen. 2011. “Well, What Can You Expect?”: Donor Officials’ Apologetics for Hybrid Regimes in Africa. Democratization 18(2): 512–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunker, Stephen. 1987. Peasants Against the State: The Politics of Market Control in Bugisu, Uganda, 1900–1983. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cataldo, F., K. Kielmann, M. Musheke, and Virginia Bond. 2008. New Challenges for Home-based Care Providers in the Context of ART Rollout in Zambia. Unpublished paper presented at the XVII International AIDS Society Conference, Mexico City, August 3–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabal, Patrick. 2014. Forward. In Arts of Resistance in the 21st Century, ed. Ebenezer Obadare and Wendy Willems, xii–xviii. London: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabal, Patrick, and Jean-Pascal Daloz. 1999. Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clapham, Christopher. 1996. Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, James. 1988. Social Capital and the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology 94(Supplement): S95–S120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, Frederick. 2001. What Is the Concept of Globalization Good For? An African Historian’s Perspective. African Affairs 100(399): 189–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornelissen, Scarlett, Fantu Cheru, and Timothy M. Shaw. 2012. Introduction. In Africa and International Relations in the Twenty-First Century, ed. Scarlett Cornelissen, Fantu Cheru, and Timothy Shaw, 1–20. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, Sarah. 2009. Global Politics of Health. Malden: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Death, Carl. 2015. Introduction: Africa’s International Relations. African Affairs. Online Only Exclusive Article. https://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/afrafj/death_africa_international_relations.pdf. Accessed April 20, 2016.

  • Dixon, Rowan, and Andrew McGregor. 2011. Grassroots Development and Upwards Accountabilities: Tensions in the Reconstruction of Aceh’s Fishing Industry. Development and Change 42(6): 1349–1377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dorman, Sara, Daniel Hammett, and Paul Nugent. 2007. Making Nations, Creating Strangers: State and Citizenship in Africa. Leiden: Brill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreyfus, Hubert L., and Paul Rabinow. 1993. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elbe, Stefan. 2006. Should HIV/AIDS be Securitized? The Ethical Dilemmas of Linking HIV/AIDS and Security. International Studies Quarterly 50(1): 119–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elbe, Stefan. 2009. Virus Alert: Security, Governmentality, and the AIDS Pandemic. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Elbe, Stefan. 2010. Security and Global Health. Malden: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Englebert, Pierre. 2009. Unity, Sovereignty, Sorrow. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, James. 1994. The Anti-Politics Machine: Development, Depoliticization and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, James. 2010. The Uses of Neoliberalism. Antipode 41(supplement S1): 166–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fidler, David. 2007. Reflections on the Revolution in Health and Foreign Policy. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85(3): 243–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuyama, Francis. 1995. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harman, Sophie, and William Brown. 2013. In from the Margins? The Changing Place of Africa in International Relations. International Affairs 89(1): 69–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, David. 2005. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hungbo, Jendele. 2014. “Beasts of No Nation”: Resistance and Civic Activism in Fela Anikulapo-Kuti’s Music. In Arts of Resistance in the 21st Century, ed. Ebenezer Obadare and Wendy Willems, 167–182. London: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyden, Goran. 1980. Beyond Ujamaa in Tanzania: Underdevelopment and an Uncaptured Peasantry. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iliffe, John. 2006. The African AIDS Epidemic: A History. James Currey: Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingelhart, Robert, and Carl Welzel. 2005. Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kalofonos, Ippolytos Andreas. 2014. “All They Do Is Pray”: Community Labour and the Narrowing of “Care” during Mozambique’s HIV Scale-Up. Global Public Health 9(1–2): 7–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamradt-Scott, Adam. 2015. Managing Global Health Security: The World Health Organization and Disease Outbreak Control. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Krause, Monika. 2014. The Good Project: Humanitarian Relief NGOs and the Fragmentation of Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lasswell, Harold. 1936. Politics: Who Gets What, When, How. New York: Whittlesey House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Kelley, Kent Buse, and Suzanne Fustukain. 2002. Health Policy in a Globalising World. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, David, and David Mosse. 2006. Brokers and Translators: The Ethnography of Aid and Agencies. Westport: Kumarian Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindberg, Staffan I. 2003. It’s Our Time to “Chop”: Do Elections in Africa Feed Neopatrimonialism Rather than Counter-Act It? Democratization 10(2): 121–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lonsdale, John. 2000. Agency in Tight Corners: Narrative and Initiative in African History. Journal of African Cultural Studies 13(1): 5–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, Gabrielle, and Gordon Crawford. 2011. Democratization in Africa 1990–2010: An Assessment. Democratization 18(2): 275–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maes, Kenneth. 2014. “Volunteers Are Not Paid Because They Are Priceless”: Community Health Worker Capacities and Values in an AIDS Treatment Intervention in Urban Ethiopia. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 29(1): 97–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, Patricia. 1994. Micro-Politics: Agency in a Postfeminist Era. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, Thomas. 1964. Class, Citizenship and Social Development. New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • McInnes, Colin. 2006. HIV/AIDS and Security. International Affairs 82(2): 315–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McInnes, Colin, and Simon Rushton. 2010. HIV, AIDS and Security: Where Are We Now? International Affairs 86(1): 225–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Médard, Jean-François. 1982. The Underdeveloped State in Tropical Africa: Political Clientelism or Neo-Patrimonialism. In Private Patronage and Public Power, ed. Christopher Clapham, 162–191. London: Pinter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morfit, N. Simon. 2011. “AIDS Is Money”: How Donor Preferences Reconfigure Local Realities. World Development 39(1): 64–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mosse, David, and David Lewis, eds. 2005. The Aid Effect: Giving and Governing in International Development. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mussa, Richard, and Windford Henderson Masanjala. 2015. A Dangerous Divide: The State of Inequality in Malawi. Report for Oxfam. https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/file_attachments/rr-inequality-in-malawi-261115-en.pdf. ​Accessed January 17, 2016.

  • Nguyen, Vinh-Kim. 2010. The Republic of Therapy. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nunes, João. 2013. Security, Emancipation and the Politics of Health: A New Theoretical Perspective. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, Martha. 2011. Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Office of the Inspector General. 2012. Audit of the Global Fund Grants to the Republic of Malawi. August. Lilongwe: Global Fund/OIG.

    Google Scholar 

  • Office of the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights and World Health Organization. 2008. The Right to Health. Fact Sheet 31. http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/Factsheet31.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2016.

  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2008. The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Accra Agenda for Action. http://www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/34428351.pdf. Accessed March 17, 2016.

  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2011. Busan Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation. Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness. http://www.oecd.org/development/effectiveness/49650173.pdf. Accessed March 17, 2016.

  • Patterson, Amy. 2003. Power Inequalities and the Institutions of Senegalese Development Organizations. African Studies Review 46(3): 35–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, Amy. 2015. Engaging Therapeutic Citizenship and Clientship: Untangling the Reasons for Therapeutic Pacifism among People Living with HIV in Urban Zambia. Global Public Health 10: 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, Amy. 2016. Training Professionals, Eroding Relationships: Donors, AIDS Care, and Development in Urban Zambia. Journal of International Development 28(6): 827–844.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, Amy. 1999. The Dynamic Nature of Citizenship and Participation: Lessons from Three Rural Senegalese Case Studies. Africa Today 46(1): 3–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paxton, Susan. 2002. The Impact of Utilizing HIV-Positive Speakers in AIDS Education. AIDS Education and Prevention 14(4): 282–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Population Council. 2010. RAPIDS Evaluation Final Report 2005–2009. http://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/2010HIV_RAPIDSEval.pdf. Accessed January 8, 2016.

  • Price-Smith, Andrew. 2009. Contagion and Chaos: Disease, Ecology and National Security in the Era of Globalization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, Robert. 1994. Making Democracy Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, Danielle. 2015. The Political Economy of Africa’s Emergent Middle Class: Retrospect and Prospects. Journal of International Development 27: 573–587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roalkvam, Sidsel. 2014. Health Governance in India: Citizenship as Situated Practice. Global Public Health 9(8): 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rushton, Simon. 2005. Health and Peacebuilding: Resuscitating the Failed State in Sierra Leone. International Relations 19: 441–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sacks, Audrey. 2012. Can Donors and Non-State Actors Undermine Citizens’ Legitimating Beliefs? Afrobarometer Working Paper 140. http://afrobarometer.org/publications/can-donors-and-non-state-actors-undermine-citizens%E2%80%99-legitimating-beliefs. Accessed April 18, 2014.

  • Scherz, China. 2014. Having People, Having Heart: Charity, Sustainable Development and Problems of Dependence in Central Uganda. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, James. 1990. Domination and the Arts of Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, Amartya. 1985. Commodities and Capabilities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, Amartya, and Martha Nussbaum, eds. 1993. The Quality of Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivaramakrishnan, K. 2005. Some Intellectual Genealogies for the Concept of Everyday Resistance. American Anthropologist 107(3): 346–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sklar, Richard. 1975. Corporate Power in an Africa State: The Political Impact of Multinational Mining Companies in Africa. Berkeley: University of Berkeley Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Daniel Jordan. 2003. Patronage, Per Diems and the “Workshop Mentality”: The Practice of Family Planning Programs in Southeastern Nigeria. World Development 31(4): 703–715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swidler, Ann, and Susan Cotts Watkins. 2009. “Teach a Man to Fish”: The Sustainability Doctrine and Its Social Consequences. World Development 37(7): 1182–1196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, Susan. 2014. Accepting Authoritarianism? Everyday Resistance as Political Consciousness in Post-Genocide Rwanda. In Civic Agency in Africa: Arts of Resistance in the 21st Century, ed. Ebenezer Obadare and Wendy Williams, 104–124. London: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, Brian. 1993. Citizenship and Social Theory. London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. 1986. Declaration on the Right to Development. General Assembly Resolution A/RES/41/128. http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/41/a41r128.htm. Accessed November 21, 2015.

  • van de Walle, Nicolas. 2001. African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Lieres, Bettina. 2014. Citizenship from Below: The Politics of Citizen Action & Resistance in South Africa & Angola. In Civic Agency in Africa: Arts of Resistance in the 21st Century, ed. Ebenezer Obadare and Wendy Willems, 49–62. London: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren, M.E., ed. 1999. Democracy and Trust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkins, Susan Cotts, and Ann Swidler. 2013. Working Misunderstandings: Donors, Brokers and Villagers in Africa’s AIDS Industry. Population and Development Review 38(Supplement): 197–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • William, Brown, Sophie Harman, Stephen Hurt, Donna Lee, and Karen Smith. 2009. Editorial: New Directions in International Relations and Africa. The Round Table 98(402): 263–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Youde, Jeremy. 2005. The Development of a Counter-Epistemic Community. International Relations 19: 421–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zambia Institute for Policy Analysis and Research. 2013. The Distribution of Household Income and the Middle Class in Zambia. Working Paper 14, December. http://elibrary.acbfpact.org/acbf/collect/acbf/index/assoc/HASH0181.dir/doc.pdf. Accessed October 7, 2015.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

    Emma-Louise Anderson

  2. University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, USA

    Amy S. Patterson

Authors
  1. Emma-Louise Anderson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amy S. Patterson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Anderson, EL., Patterson, A.S. (2017). Complex Power on the Margins: The Implications of Dependent Agency. In: Dependent Agency in the Global Health Regime. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58148-8_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation