Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Does Playing Video Games Make Players More Violent? pp 1–29Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

What Are the Concerns About Mediated Violence?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 2780 Accesses

Abstract

Concerns about video game violence originated in debates about media violence, and this chapter traces the history of these concerns alongside the history of video games. The rationale for public concerns about video games is examined by reviewing the nature of games during different ‘eras’ of video-game development. The rapid spread of video games, their popularity with children, their interactive nature, the violent themes of many of the most widely played games, and anecdotal cases of extreme violence in which perpetrators were known to be keen users of violent video games have all contributed to perceptions that these games could sometimes pose social and psychological risks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alperowicz, C. (1983). Video games, what’s the score? React, 12, 10–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C. A., & Dill, K. E. (2000). Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviour in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 772–791.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C. A., & Ford, C. M. (1987). Affect of the game player: Short-term effects of highly and mildly aggressive video games. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 390–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C. A., Funk, J. B., & Griffiths, M. D. (2004). Contemporary issues in adolescent video game playing: Brief overview and introduction to the special issue. Journal of Adolescence, 27(1), 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C. A., Gentile, D. A., & Buckley, K. E. (2007) Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents: Theory, Research and Public Policy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575–582.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1963). Imitation of film-mediated aggressive models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannert, M., & Arlinger, P. R. (1996). Gender-related differences in exposure to and use of computers: Results of a survey of secondary school students. European Journal of Psychology, 11(3), 269–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belson, W. (1978) Television Violence and the Adolescent Boy. Farnborough, UK: Saxon House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, L. (1965). Some aspects of observed aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 359–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, L. (1984). Some effects of thoughts on anti- and prosocial influences of media events: A cognitive-neoassociation analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 410–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berkowitz, L., & Alioto, J. T. (1973). The meaning of an observed event as a determinant of its aggressive consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 206–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, C., & Giroux, J. (1989). Arcade video games: Proxemic, cognitive and content analyses. Journal of Leisure Research, 21, 92–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, C., Goupil, G., Giroux, J., & Chagnon, Y. (1986). Adolescents and microcomputers: Sex differences, proxemics, task and stimulus variables. Journal of Psychology, 120, 529–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, B. D. (1983) [Untitle]. In S. S. Baughman & P. D. Ungett (Eds.), Video Games and Human Development: A Research Ahenda for the 80s. Papers and proceddings of the symposium held at Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA: Gutman Library, Harvard Graduate School of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchman, D. D., & Funk, J. B. (1996). Video and computer games in the ’90s: Children’s time commitment and game preference. Children Today, 24, 12–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckingham, D. (2002). Children and new media. In L. A. Lievrouw & S. Livingstone (Eds.), The handbook of new media (pp. 75–91). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnham, V. (2001). Supercade: A visual history of the videogame age, 1971–1984. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bushman, B. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2001). Media violence and the American public. American Psychologist, 56(6/7), 477–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bushman, B. J., & Geen, R. G. (1990). Role of cognitive-emotional mediators and individual differences in the effects of media violence on aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 156–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cline, V. B., Croft, R. G., & Courrier, S. (1973). Desensitization of children to television violence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 260–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comstock, G., Chaffee, S., Katzman, N., McCombs, M., & Roberts, D. (1978). Television and human behavior. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Comstock, G., & Fisher, M. (1975). Television and human behavior: A guide to the pertinent scientific literature. Santa Monica, CA: Rand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cumberbatch, G., & Howitt, D. (1989). A measure of uncertainty: The effects of the mass media. London: John Libbey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cupitt, M., & Stockbridge, S. (1996). Families and electronic entertainment. Sydney, Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation/Office of Film and Literature Classification.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, E. (1935). The content of motion pictures. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeMaria, R., & Wilson, J. L. (2002). High score! The illustrated history of electronic games. Emeryville, CA: McGraw-Hill Osborne Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drabman, R. S., & Thomas, M. H. (1974). Does media violence increase children’s toleration of real-life aggression? Developmental Psychology, 10, 418–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drabman, R. S., & Thomas, M. H. (1975). The effects of television on children and adolescents: A symposium. Does TV breed indifference? Journal of Communication, 25(4), 86–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elson, M., & Ferguson, C. J. (2013). Twenty-five years of research on violence in digital games and aggression: Empirical evidence, perspectives and a debate gone astray. European Psychologist, 19(1), 33–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, C. J., & Kilburn, J. (2010). Much ado about nothing: The misestimation and overinterpretation of violent video game effects in Eastern and Western nations: Comment on Anderson et al. (2010). Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 174–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fey, M. (1997). Slot machines: A pictorial history of the first 100 years. Reno, Nevada: Liberty Bell Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, J. L. (1984). Effect of television violence on aggressiveness. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 227–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, J. L. (1986). Televsion violence and aggression: A rejoinder. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 372–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funk, J. B. (1992). Video games: Benign or malignant? Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 13, 53–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funk, J. B. (1993). Reevaluating the impact of video games. Clinical Pediatrics, 32, 86–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funk, J. B., & Buchman, D. D. (1996). Playing violent computer games and adolescent self-concept. Journal of Communication, 46, 19–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funk, J. B., Germann, J., & Buchman, D. (1997). Children and electronic games in the United States. Trends in Communication, 2, 111–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Funk, J. B., Hagan, J., & Schimming, J. (1999). Children and electronic games: A comparison of parent and child perceptions of children’s habits and preferences in a United States sample. Psychological Reports, 85, 883–888.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gartner. (2009, October 29). Gartner says worldwide video game market to total $93 billion in 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2015, from www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2614915.

  • Gentile, D. A. (2009). Pathological video-game use among youth ages 8 to 18: A national study. Psychological Science, 20, 594–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gentile, D. A., & Stone, W. (2005). Violent video game effects on children and adolescents: A review of the literature. Minerva Pediatrics, 57(6), 337–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communication, 26, 173–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1986). Living with television: The dynamics of the cultivation process. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Perspectives on media effects (pp. 17–40). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J. (1998). Immortal Kombat: War toys and violent video games. In J. Goldstein (Ed.), Why we watch: The attractions of violent entertainment (pp. 53–68). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, P. M. (1984). Media and the mind of the child: From print to television, video games and computers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, M. D. (1996). Video Games and Children’s Behaviour. Paper presented at Electronic Media, Interactive Technology and Children Conference, Cheltenham: Cheltenham & Gloucester College of Higher Education, June 21–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, M., & Hunt, N. (1993, December). The acquisition, development and maintenance of computer game playing in adolescence. Paper presented at the British Psychological Society, London Conference, City University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimes, T., Anderson, J. A., & Bergen, L. A. (2008). Media violence and aggression: Science and ideology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunter, B. (1985). Dimensions of television violence. Aldershot, England: Gower.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunter, B. (1998). The effects of video games on children: The myth unmasked. Sheffield, England: University of Sheffield Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunter, B., & Harrison, J. (1998). Violence on television: An analysis of amount, nature, location and origin on violence in British programmes. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gunter, B., Harrison, J., & Wykes, M. (2003). Violence on television: Distribution, form, context and themes. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, M. B., & Williams, R. (1985). Video games and school performance. Education, 105(3), 306–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hearold, S. (1986). A synthesis of 1043 effects of television on social behaviour. In G. Comstock (Ed.), Public communications and behavior (Vol. 1, pp. 65–113). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huesmann, L. R. (2010). Nailing the coffin shut on doubts that violent video games stimulate aggression: Comment on Anderson et al. (2010). Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 179–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huesmann, L. R., & Eron, L. D. (1986a). The development of aggression in American children as a consequence of television violence viewing. In L. R. Huesmann & L. D. Eron (Eds.), Television and the aggressive child: A cross-national comparison (pp. 45–80). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huesmann, L. R., & Eron, L. D. (Eds.). (1986b). Television and the aggressive child: A cross-national comparison. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huesmann, L. R., Moise-Titus, J., Podolski, C. L., & Eron, L. D. (2003). Longitudinal relations between children’s exposure to TV violence and their aggressive and violent behaviour in young childhood, 1977–1992. Developmental Psychology, 39, 201–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huhtamo, E. (2005). Slots of fun, slots of trouble? An archaeology of arcade gaming. In J. Raessens & J. Goldberg (Eds.), Handbook of computer games (pp. 1–21). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ITC. (1996). Television: The public’s view. London: Independent Television Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, A. (2012). Violence in the media: What effects on behaviour? Psychiatric Times, 29(10), 1 & 7–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keepers, G. A. (1990). Pathological preoccupation with video games. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 49–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kent, S. L. (2001). The ultimate history of video games. Reville, CA: Prima Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinder, M. (1991). Playing with power in movies, television and video games. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klapper, J. (1960). The effects of mass communication. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, M. H. (1984). The bite of Pac Man. The Journal of Psychohistory, 11, 395–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ko, C-H., Yen, J. Y., Liu, S. C., Huang, C. F., & Yen, C. F. (2009a). The associations between aggressive behaviors and internet addiction and online activities in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(6), 598–605.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ko, C-H., Yen, J. Y., Liu, S. C., Huang, C. F., & Yen, C. F. (2009b). Predictive values of psychiatric symptoms for internet addiction in adolescents: AQ 2-year prospective study. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, 163(10), 937–943.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koop, C. E. (1982, November 10). Surgeon General sees danger in video games. New York Times, p. A16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubey, R., & Larson, R. (1990). The use of experience of the new video media among children and adolescents. Communication Research, 17, 107–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtz, B. (1991). Slot machines and coin-up games. London: The Apple Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurel, B. (1993). Computers as theatre. New York: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leccese, D. (1989). Video games go back to the future. Playthings, 32–33, 85–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenhart, A., Kahne, J., Middaugh, E., Magill, A. R., Evans, C., & Vitak, J. (2008). Teens, video games and civics (Report No. 202-415-4500). Washington, DC: Pew Internet and American Life Project.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linz, D., Donnerstein, E., & Penrod, S. (1988). Effects of long-term exposure to violent and sexually degrading depictions of women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 758–768.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linz, D. (1989). Exposure to sexually explicit materials and attitude to rape: A comparison of study results. Journal of Sex Research, 26, 50–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linz, D., Donnerstein, E., & Adams, S. M. (1989). Physiological desensitization and judgments about female victims of violence. Human Communication Research, 15, 509–522.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linz, D., Donnerstein, E., & Penrod, S. (1984). The effects of multiple exposures to filmed violence against women. Journal of Communication, 34(3), 130–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linz, D., Donnerstein, E., & Penrod, S. (1987). The findings and recommendations of the Attorney Generals’ Commission on Pornography: Do the psychological “facts” fit the political fury? American Psychologist, 42, 946–951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livingstone, S., & Bovill, M. (1999). Young people, new media. Report of the Research Project ‘Children, Young People and the Changing Media Environment’. London: London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved from www.psych.lse.ac.uk/young_people

  • Livingstone, S., & Bovill, M. (2004). UK children go online: Surveying the experiences of young people and their parents. London: London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved from www.psych.lse.ac.uk/young_people

  • Loftus, G. A., & Loftus, E. F. (1983). Mind at play: The psychology of video games. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M. (1981). Rape fantasies as a function of exposure to violent sexual stimuli. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 10, 33–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M. (1989). Sexually violent media, thought patterns and antisocial behaviour. Public Communication and Behavior, 2, 159–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M. (1993) Pornography’s impact on male adolescents. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 4(3), 563–576.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M., & Check, J. V. P. (1980a). Penile tumescence and perceptual responses to rape as a function of victim’s perceived reactions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 10, 528–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M., & Check, J. V. P. (1980b). Sexual arousal to rape and consenting depictions: The importance of the woman’s arousal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 763–766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M., & Check, J. V. P. (1981a). Rape fantasies as a function of exposure to violent sexual stimuli. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 10, 33–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M., & Check, J. V. P. (1981b). The effects of mass media exposure to acceptance of violence against women: A field experiment. Journal of Research in Personality, 15, 436–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malamuth, N. M., & Check, J. V. P. (1985). The effects of aggressive pornography on beliefs in rape myths: Individual differences. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 299–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayfield, M. (1982, November 10). Video games only fit for old. USA Today, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Media Violence Commission, ISRA (International Society for Research on Aggression). (2012). Report of the Media Violence Commission. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved December 30, 2014, from www.wileyonlinelibrary.com

  • McClure, R. F., & Mears, F. G. (1984). Video game players: Personality characteristics and demographic variables. Psychological Reports, 55, 271–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, W. J. (1986). The myth of massive media impact: Savagings and salvagings. In G. Comstock (Ed.), Public communication and behaviour (Vol. 1, pp. 173–257). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milgram, S., & Shotland, R. L. (1973). Television and Antisocial Behavior: Field Experiments. New York, NY: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milvasky, J. R., Kessler, R. C. Stipp, H. H., & Rubens, W. S. (1982). Television and Aggression: A Panel Study. New York, NY: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. (1969, Final Report). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orlofsky, S. (1982). Surgeon General blasts video games. Facts on File, 42, 879.

    Google Scholar 

  • Provenzo, E. F., Jr. (1991). Video kids: Making sense of Nintendo. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, R. (2014, March 25). Violent video games makes children grow up into aggressive adults, study shows. Mail Online. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2588864/Violent-video-games-makes-children-grow-aggressive-adults-study-claims.html

  • Salas, T. (1990, January 1). Video game market continues to shine. Playthings, p. 38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schramm, W., Lyle, J., & Parker, E. (1961). Television in the lives of our children. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Secunda, V. (1983, February 19). Pac Man is (a) gobbling or (b) nourishing our kids. TV Guide, p. 56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, R. A. (1993, August 16). Playing games. Forbes, p. 108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherry, J. (2001). The effects of violent video games on aggression. Human Communication Research, 27, 409–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherry, J. (2007). Violent video games and aggression: Why can’t we find links? In R. Priess, B. Gayle, N. Burrell, M. Allen, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Mass media effects research: Advances through meta-analysis (pp. 231–248). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shotton, M. (1989). Computer Addiction? A Study of Computer Dependency. London, UK: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skirrow, G. (1986). Hellvision: An analysis of video games. In C. McCabe (Ed.), High theory/low culture (pp. 115–142). Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. L., Lachlan, K., & Tamborini, R. (2003). Popular video games: Quantifying the presentation of violence and its context. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 47, 58–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. L., Nathanson, A. I., & Wilson, B. J. (2002). Prime-time television: Assessing violence during the most popular viewing hours. Journal of Communication, 52(1), 84–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smythe, D. W. (1954). Reality as presented by television. Public Opinion Quarterly, 48, 384–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soper, W. B., & Miller, M. J. (1983). Junk time junkies; An emerging addiction among students. School Counsellor, 31, 40–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, A. H., & Friedrich, L. K. (1975). Television content and young children’s behaviour. In J. P. Murray, E. A. Rubinstein, & G. A. Comstock (Eds.), Television and social learning. Television and social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 202–317). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, R. (1996, November 24). Boom looming in computer games market. The Sunday Times (Business Section), p. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Surgeon General’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior. (1971). Television and Growing Up: The Impact of Television Violence. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tatar, M. (1998). “Violent delights” in children’s literature. In J. Goldstein (Ed.), Why we watch: The attractions of violent entertainment (pp. 69–87). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Their, D. (2014, July 31). Sony reveals Playstation outselling Xbox 3:1. Forbes. Retrieved February 9, 2015, from www.forbes.com/sites/davidthier/2014/07/31/sony-reveals-playstation-outselling-xbox-31

  • Walker, L. B. (1993, November 3). What’s in a Game? The Washington Post, p. C5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, D. A., & Gentile, D. A. (2001). A validity test of movie, television, and video game ratings. Pediatrics, 107, 1302–1308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, D. A., Gentile, D. A., & van Brederode, T. M. (2002). Parents rate the ratings: A test of the validity of the American movie, television, and video game ratings. Minerva Pediatrica, 54, 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, M. (2011). Video games and crime. Contemporary Economic Policy, 29(2), 261–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waugh, R. (2014, December 28). The sinister secrets of your child’s X-rated Xmas. The Mail on Sunday, 36–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wertham, F. (1954, May). Comic books…very funny. Saturday Review of Literature, May, p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J. (1992, July). A brief history of gaming: Part 1. Computer Gaming World.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zillmann, D. (1971). Excitation transfer in communication-mediated aggression behaviour. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 7, 419–434.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Media and Communication, University of Leicester, Loughton, Essex, UK

    Barrie Gunter

Authors
  1. Barrie Gunter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Copyright information

© 2016 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gunter, B. (2016). What Are the Concerns About Mediated Violence?. In: Does Playing Video Games Make Players More Violent?. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57985-0_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation