Skip to main content

Setting the Study Context: India, Mexico, and Tanzania

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Teacher Distribution in Developing Countries

Abstract

In this chapter, we provide background information related to India, Mexico, and Tanzania and we describe our research approach to examining teacher distribution in these countries. We first describe levels of economic development and social inequality, which determine the resources available to employ teachers and the degree to which disadvantaged populations have access to these resources. We then describe each country’s geography, as the difficulties of living and teaching in remote rural areas with few amenities constrain education officials’ efforts to recruit and deploy teachers to these areas. This is followed by a discussion of relevant aspects of these education systems and key issues related to teacher deployment and distribution. To further set the stage for the subsequent analysis, we describe the methodology of our study, including our comparative approach and our data collection and analysis strategies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • ASER Center (2013). Annual status of education report (rural). New Delhi, India: ASER Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bray, M., & Thomas, R. M. (1995). Levels of comparison in educational studies: Different insights from different literatures and the value of multilevel analyses. Harvard Educational Review, 65(3), 472–490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Central Intelligence Agency [CIA]. (2015a). The world factbook. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html

  • Central Intelligence Agency [CIA]. (2015b). The world factbook. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html

  • Chudgar, A. (2013). Teacher labor force and teacher education in India: An analysis of a recent policy change and its potential implications. In M. Akiba (Ed.), Teacher reforms around the world: Implementations and outcomes (Vol. 19 & pp. 55–76). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chudgar, A., Luschei, T. F., Creed, B., Chandra, M., Pippin, J., & Fagioli, L. P. (2013). Regional report Sub-Saharan Africa: Study of teachers for children marginalized by social origin, economic status, or location. Submitted to the United Nations Children’s Fund, New York. New York: UNICEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Desai, S., & Dubey, A. (2012). Caste in 21st century India: Competing narratives. Economic and Political Weekly, 46(11), 40–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of India. (2012). Secondary education: Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan. Retrieved June 2, 2012, from http://mhrd.gov.in/rashtriya_madhyamik_shiksha_abhiyan

  • Hardman, F., Ackers, J., Abrishamian, N., & O’Sullivan, M. (2011). Developing a systemic approach to teacher education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Emerging lessons from Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 41(5), 669–683.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardman, F., & Dachi, H. (2012). Final report: Evaluation of school-based INSET pilot programme. York, UK: Institute for Effective Education, University of York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Instituto Nacional para la Evaluación de la Educación [INEE]. (2013). Panorama educativo de México: Indicadores del sistema educativo nacional. 2012: Educación Básica y Media Superior. Mexico City, Mexico: Insituto Nacional para la Evaluación de la Educación.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Institute for Population Sciences [IIPS] (2010). District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3), 2007–08: India. Mumbai, India: IIPS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luschei, T. F. (2012b). The effectiveness and distribution of male primary teachers: Evidence from two Mexican states. International Journal of Educational Development, 32(1), 145–154. doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2010.12.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luschei, T. F., & Chudgar, A. (2015). Background report for Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2015: Evolution of policies on teacher deployment to disadvantaged areas. Submitted to UNESCO. New York: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luschei, T. F., Chudgar, A., Fagioli, L. P., & Pippin, J. (2013a). Regional report - Latin America: Study of teachers for children marginalized by social origin, economic status, or location. Submitted to the United Nations Children’s Fund, New York. New York: UNICEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luschei, T. F., Chudgar, A., & Rew, J. W. (2013). Exploring differences in the distribution of teacher qualifications across Mexico and South Korea: Evidence from the Teaching and Learning International Survey. Teachers College Record, 115, 1–38. Retrieved from http://www.tcrecord.org/DefaultFiles/SendFileToPublic.asp?ft=pdf&FilePath=c:\WebSites\www_tcrecord_org_documents\38_16964.pdf&fid=38_16964&aid=2&RID=16964&pf=Content.asp?ContentID=16964

  • Martínez Rizo, F. (2002). Nueva visita al país de la desigualdad. La distribución de la escolaridad en México, 1970–2000. Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa, 7(16), 415–443.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehta, A. C. (2012). Elementary education in India: Progress towards UEE, flash statistics DISE 2010–2011. New Delhi: National University of Educational Planning and Administration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mexico Censo de Poblacion y Vivienda. (2010). Resultados definitivos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mkumbo, K. A. (2012). Teachers’ commitment to, and experiences of, the teaching profession in Tanzania: Findings of focus group research. International Education Studies, 5(3), 222–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulkeen, A., & Chen, D. (2008). Teachers for rural schools: Experiences in Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Uganda. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD]. (2014). PISA 2012 results in focus: What 15-year-olds know and what they can do with what they know. Paris, France. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/pisa-2012-results-overview.pdf

  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (Fourth). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puryear, J. M., Santibañez, L., & Solano, A. (2011). Education in Mexico, a new vision for Mexico: Achieving prosperity for all. Washington, DC: The Centennial Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Economist. (n.d.). An Indian summary: Which countries match the GDP and population of India’s states and territories?

    Google Scholar 

  • Treviño, E. (2013). Learning inequality among indigenous students in Mexico. In B. Jensen & A. Sawyer (Eds.), Regarding education: Mexican-American schooling, immigration, and bi-national improvement (pp. 95–123). New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO. (2012). Youth and skills: Putting education to work. Education for all Global Monitoring Report 2012. Paris, France: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO. (2015a). EFA Global Monitoring Report 2015. Education For All 2000–2015: Achievements and challenges. Paris, France: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO Institute for Statistics [UIS]. (2014). Data centre. Retrieved from http://www.uis.unesco.org/DataCentre/Pages/BrowseEducation.aspx

  • UNICEF (2012). Panorama de la adolescencia indígena en México desde una perspectiva de derechos. Mexico, DF: UNICEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • UWEZO Tanzania. (2013). Are our children learning? Annual learning assessment report 2012. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: UWEZO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vavrus, F. (2003). Desire and decline: Schooling amid crisis in Tanzania (Vol. 13). Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang Pub Incorporated.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vavrus, F. (2005). Adjusting inequality: Education and structural adjustment policies inTanzania. Harvard Educational Review, 75(2), 174–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, E. (2009). Progress towards EFA in Tanzania. Prospects, 38, 425–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. (2015). Country and lending groups. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups

  • Zhang, Y. (2006). Urban-rural literacy gaps in Sub-Saharan Africa: The roles of socioeconomic status and school quality. Comparative Education Review, 50(4), 581–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Luschei, T.F., Chudgar, A. (2017). Setting the Study Context: India, Mexico, and Tanzania. In: Teacher Distribution in Developing Countries. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57926-3_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57926-3_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-57925-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-57926-3

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics