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Boxed in by Good Intentions—Working in Silos

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Abstract

The Siloing and Fragmentation of Children’s Issues: With limited resources and focused attention, organizations tend to work in silos, conscripted by their specific issues. Consortia work around single themes. NGOs may work effectively in a defined geographic area, but success seldom informs public policy or goes to scale. Donors choose to work within certain issue areas – health, education, the environment, etc. – but find it difficult to reach across sectors for deeper, more holistic solutions. While the specialization of these efforts has a certain logic, some measurable results and definable benefits, the end result is a fragmented development landscape. Chapter 5 investigates how this siloing diffuses the impact of approaches to children’s issues and leaves millions of children out of reach.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Author Maya Ajmera developed and teaches this course.

  2. 2.

    Based on 2013 review of course lists, professor biographies, majors and concentrations, and syllabi available on websites of all top-ranked public and private International Studies and Public Policy schools in the United States, as well as affiliated schools of Law, Education, Public Health, and Social Work, conducted by research coordinator Clare Dreyfus on behalf of the authors.

  3. 3.

    http://www.brunel.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate/children-youth-international-development-ma

  4. 4.

    www.ox.ac.uk; cf. http://www.younglives.org.uk/who-we-are/young-lives-people-individual-biographies/jo-boyden

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    World Health Organization, “Taeniasis/cysticercosis,” http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs376/en/

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    Cate Dewey, “Pigs, Poverty, and Epilepsy,” in Sick! Curious Tales of Pests and Parasites We Share with Animals, Elizabeth Arnold Stone, editor, Ontario Veterinary College, 2014, pp. 95–99; and Cate Dewey, email message to Maya Ajmera and Clare Dreyfus, July 14, 2014.

  7. 7.

    Kates J, Michaud J., “The US Global Health Initiative: What is the Status?” Lancet., 2012.

  8. 8.

    White House. Statement by the President on the Global Health Initiative. May 5, 2009.

  9. 9.

    Frank J. “Reinventing Primary Health Care: The Need for Systems Integration,” Lancet 2009; 374: 170–173. And World Health Organization Maximizing Positive Synergies Collaborative Group. An Assessment of Interactions Between Global Health Initiatives and Country Health Systems. Lancet 2009; 373: 2137–69. Cf Kates J, Michaud J., “The US Global Health Initiative: What is the Status?” Lancet., 2012.

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    Sheryl Gay Stolberg, “In Global Battle on AIDS, Bush Creates Legacy,” New York Times, January 5, 2008.

  11. 11.

    Joe DeCapua. “President Bush Requests $5.4 Billion for PEPFAR in 2008.” Voice of America, December 24, 2008.

  12. 12.

    http://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/137495.pdf, p. 163.

  13. 13.

    E. Emanuel E, “PEPFAR and Maximizing the Effects of Global Health Assistance,” JAMA May 16, 2012—Vol 307(19).

  14. 14.

    Disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) is a measure of disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability, or early death as a way to compare impact of different diseases and conditions. The measure was developed by Harvard University for the World Bank in 1990 and subsequently adopted by the World Health Organization in 1996.

  15. 15.

    The top 10 causes of death: fact sheet No. 310. World Health Organization.

    http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html. Accessed April 26, 2012. And Standard DALYs, WHO regions by income. World Health Organization Global Health Observatory Data Repository. http://apps.who.int/ghodata/?vid=140001. Accessed April 26, 2012. Cited in Emanuel E (2012). PEPFAR and Maximizing the Effects of Global Health Assistance. JAMA May 16, 2012—Vol 307(19).

  16. 16.

    Judith-Ann Walker, Director, development Research and Projects Center, Interview, transcript pp. 3–4 (Maya Ajmera and Julia Wallin, interviewers).

  17. 17.

    World Food Programme, “School Meals,” http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/communications/wfp249632.pdf

  18. 18.

    World Food Programme, “School Meals.”

  19. 19.

    Foundation Center Online, fconline.foundationcenter.org. Review performed October 7, 2013.

  20. 20.

    http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/world/asia/poor-sanitation-in-india-may-afflict-well-fed-children-with-malnutrition.html

  21. 21.

    http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/world/asia/poor-sanitation-in-india-may-afflict-well-fed-children-with-malnutrition.html

  22. 22.

    http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/world/asia/poor-sanitation-in-india-may-afflict-well-fed-children-with-malnutrition.html

  23. 23.

    http://streetchildren.org/about/street-children/

  24. 24.

    Tony Kozlowski, former CEO, American Refugee Committee, Interview, February 28, 2014 (Gregory Fields, interviewer).

  25. 25.

    World Bank, “Investing in All People,” 1994, p. 1, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1994/04/01/000009265_3970128112330/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf

  26. 26.

    http://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/CSRI/publications/report_40_investing_in_girls.pdf, pp. 4–5.

  27. 27.

    Sarah Thomas de Benitez, Interview, December 13, 2013, transcript p. 7–8 (Maya Ajmera and Clare Dreyfus, interviewers).

  28. 28.

    http://philanthropy.com/article/Donations-to-Aid-Haiti-Exce/63756/

  29. 29.

    http://www.avert.org/hiv-and-aids-africa.htm

  30. 30.

    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1909220.stm

  31. 31.

    http://fconline.foundationcenter.org/prof_search.php

  32. 32.

    Thomas Fuller, “Cambodian Activist’s Fall Exposes Broad Deception,” New York Times, June 14, 2014.

  33. 33.

    http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/cultural-perspectives-vaccination

  34. 34.

    Paul Collier, The Bottom Billion, Chapter 11.

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Ajmera, M., Fields, G.A. (2016). Boxed in by Good Intentions—Working in Silos. In: Invisible Children. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57838-9_5

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