Abstract
Managing demands for water, water-related services, and ecosystem services can convert unlimited requests for resources to ones that consider resource limits. Urban water demand involves an aggregate of domestic, commercial, and industrial demands, and auditing of water uses in cities offers a tool to improve efficiency. Many industries supply their own water and are not connected to utility networks. Irrigation is by far the largest water use on the basis of consumptive use, especially in dry regions. Demands for instream flows are satisfied after withdrawals, discharges, and losses occur, and the health of instream flows is an indicator of the success of IWRM. Demand for sanitation services and wastewater management is mostly inelastic because people have few alternatives. Flood control services do not involve water demand but the use of water facilities, which could be used to increase water yield.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
AWWA. 2015. IWA/AWWA Water Audit Method. http://www.awwa.org/portals/0/files/resources/water%20knowledge/water%20loss%20control/iwa-awwa-method-awwa-updated.pdf
Baumann, Duane D., John J. Boland, and W.M. Hanemann.1998. Urban Water Demand Management and Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Bruvold, William H., Municipal Water Conservation, California Water Resources Center, Berkeley, September 1988.
Consumer Council for Water. 2015. Average Water Use. http://www.ccwater.org.uk/savewaterandmoney/averagewateruse/
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Effective Use of Water in Irrigated Agriculture, Report 113, Ames, Iowa, 1988.
Getches, David H.1990. Water Law in a Nutshell. St Paul: West Publishing Co..
Hutson, Susan S., Barber, Nancy L., Kenny, Joan F., Linsey, Kristin S., Lumia, Deborah S., and Maupin, Molly A. 2004. Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000. USGS Circular 1268.
ISO. 2014. ISO 14046:2014 – Environmental management – Water footprint. http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=43263
Kenny, J.F., Barber, N.L., Hutson, S.S., Linsey, K.S., Lovelace, J.K., and Maupin, M.A., 2009, Estimated use of water in the United States in 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1344, 52 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1344/
Maupin, M.A., Kenny, J.F., Hutson, S.S., Lovelace, J.K., Barber, N.L., and Linsey, K.S., 2014, Estimated use of water in the United States in 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1405, 56 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/cir1405
Solley, Wayne B., Pierce, R.R., and Perlman, H.A. 1998. Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 1995. USGS Circular 1200. Reston Va.
The Economist. 2015. Economics terms. http://www.economist.com/economics-a-to-z/d#node-21529655
van Schilfgaarde, Jan. 1994. Irrigation – a blessing or a curse? Agricultural Water Management. 25(1994): 203–219.
Water Research Foundation. 2015. Project 4495: Integrating High Efficiency Standards, Building Codes, and Technology into Demand Forecasting; Project 4554: Water Use in the Multi-Family Housing Sector; Project 4558: Uncertainty in Long Term Water Demand Forecasting; Project 4309: REUWS Update Study. http://www.waterrf.org/Pages/Index3.aspx
World Business Council for Sustainable Development. 2015. Water Facts and Figures. http://www.unwater.org/downloads/Water_facts_and_trends.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grigg, N.S. (2016). Demand for Water, Water Services, and Ecosystem Services. In: Integrated Water Resource Management. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57615-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57615-6_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-57614-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-57615-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)