Skip to main content

Double New Speakers? Language Ideologies of Immigrant Students in Galicia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter focuses on a community of Cape Verdean immigrants living in a small fishing town in northern Galicia. The Cape Verdean immigrants at the centre of this study are ‘new speakers’ of both Spanish and Galician, while at the same time native speakers of Portuguese and Cape Verdean Creole. In this chapter, I examine the language practices and ideologies of teachers and Cape Verdean students in two Galician secondary schools. Drawing on ethnographic interviews, focus groups, and non-participant classroom observation, I explore the challenges that are faced by immigrant ‘new speakers’ who are in the process of acquiring new linguistic resources and negotiating their identity. Furthermore, I look at the interplay between the school’s promotion of (dominant) beliefs and ideologies and the immigrant community’s access to social capital.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Interviewees were given the option to conduct their interview in either Galician or Spanish. Overall, student participants tended to choose Spanish, while the majority of teachers opted for Galician. All translations are my own.

  2. 2.

    For the purposes of this chapter, pseudonyms have been used for the name of the research site and for the names of participants.

References

  • Batalha, L., & Carling, J. (Eds.). (2008). Transnational Archipelago. Perspectives on Cape Verdean Migration and Diaspora. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beswick, J. (2002). Galician Language Planning and Implications for Regional Identity: Restoration or Elimination? National Identities, 4(3), 257–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power (J. B. Thompson, Ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • DePalma, R. (2014). Learning A Minoritized Language in a Majority Language Context: Student Agency and the Creation of Micro-Immersion Contexts. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (August 2015), 18(4), 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández González, L. (2006). La dialéctica de la inclusión versus exclusión de los inmigrantes: retórica y realidad. In M. Santos Regos (Ed.), Estudios sobre flujos migratorios en perspectiva educativa y cultural. Granada: Grupo Editorial Universitario.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frias-Conde, X., & Bosco, C. E. S. D. (2006). A normalización lingüística na Romania: A normalización da lingua e normalización dos falantes (o caso dos neofalantes). Ianua: revista philologica romanica, 6, 49–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • González González, M., Rodríguez Neira, M. A., Dosil Maceira, A., Pérez Vilariño, J., Real Deus, E., Casares Berg, H., Fernández Salgado, A., Loredo Gutiérrez, X., Pereiro Rozas, A. X., & Suárez Fernández, I. (2003). O galego segundo a mocidade. A Coruña: Real Academia Galega.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermida, C. (2001). The Galician Speech Community. In T. M. Turrell (Ed.), Multilingualism in Spain. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornsby, M. (2007). Néo-breton and Questions of Authenticity. Estudios de Sociolingüística, 6(2), 191–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iglesias, A. (2002). Falar galego: ‘no veo por qué’. Xerais: Vigo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iglesias-Álvarez, A., & Ramallo, F. (2002). Language as a Diacritical in Terms of Cultural and Resistance Identities in Galicia. Estudios de Sociolingüística, 3(2), 255–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Instituto Galego de estatística. (2011). Censo de población y viviendas. Gallego.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loredo Gutiérrez, X., Fernández Salgado, A., Suárez Fernández, I., & Casares Berg, H. (2007). Language Use and Language Attitudes in Galicia. In D. Lasagabaster & Á. Huguet (Eds.), Multilingualism in European Bilingual Contexts Language Use and Attitudes (pp. 40–64). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loureiro-Rodriguez, V. (2008). Conflicting Values at a Conflicting Age: Linguistic Ideologies in Galician Adolescents. In M. Niño Murcia & J. Rothman (Eds.), Bilingualism and Identity: Spanish at the Crossroads with Other Languages (pp. 63–86). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Loureiro-Rodriguez, V., Boggess, M. M., & Goldsmith, A. (2012). Language Attitudes in Galicia: Using the Matched-Guise Test Among High School Students. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 34(2), 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martín-Rojo, L. (2013). (De)capitalising Students Through Linguistic Practices. A Comparative Analysis of New Educational Programmes in a Global Era. In A. Duchene, M. Moyer, & C. Roberts (Eds.), Language, Migration and Social Inequalities A Critical Sociolinguistic Perspective on Institutions and Work (pp. 118–146). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, B. (2003). Conflicting Values in Contemporary Galicia: Attitudes to “O Galego” Since Autonomy. International Journal of Iberian Studies, 16(1), 33–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, B. (2011a). Galician and Irish in the European Context: Attitudes Towards Weak and Strong Minority Languages. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, B. (2011b). Whose Language Is It? Struggles for Language Ownership in an Irish Language Classroom. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 10(5), 327–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, B., & Ramallo, F. (2010). Los nuevos hablantes de lenguas minoritarias: Una comparación entre Galicia y Irlanda. In Proceedings in the IX Congreso Internacional de Lingüística General, Universidad de Valladolid.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, B., & Ramallo, F. (2011). The Native-Non-Native Dichotomy in Minority Language Contexts. Comparisons Between Irish and Galician. Language Problems & Language Planning, 35(2), 139–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, B., & Ramallo, F. (2013). Competing Ideologies of Linguistic Authority Amongst New Speakers in Contemporary Galicia. Language in Society, 42(3), 287–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, B., & Ramallo, F. (2015). Neofalantes as an Active Minority: Understanding Language Practices and Motivations for Change Amongst New Speakers of Galician. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 231, 147–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, B., Pujolar, J., & Ramallo, F. (2015). New Speakers of Minority Languages: The Challenging Opportunity. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 231, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oso Casas, L., Golías Pérez, M., & Villares Varela, M. (2008). Inmigrantes extranjeros y retornados en Galicia: la construcción del puente transnacional. Política y Sociedad, 45(1), 103–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piller, I. (2001). Who, If Anyone, Is a Native Speaker? Anglistik Mitteilungen des Verbandes Deutscher Anglisten, 12(2), 109–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pujolar, J. (2007) ‘The Future of Catalan: Language Endangerment and Nationalist Discourses in Catalonia’, In Duchêne, A. and Heller, M. (eds.), Discourses of Endangerment, London, Continuum, pp. 121–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pujolar, J. (2010). Immigration and Language Education in Catalonia: Between National and Social Agendas. Linguistics and Education, Elsevier Inc., 21(3), 229–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pusch, C., & Kabatek, J. (2011). Language Contact in Southwestern Europe. In B. Kortmann & J. van der Auwera (Eds.), The Languages and Linguistics of Europe. A Comprenhensive Guide (pp. 393–408). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramallo, F. (2007). Sociolinguistics of Spanish in Galicia. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 184, 21–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramallo, F. (2010). Cara a unha tipoloxía sociolingüística dos falantes de galego. In B. Valdivia Silva, X. Rodríguez Rodríguez, & I. Vaquero Quintela (Eds.), Educación e linguas en Galicia (pp. 15–37). Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos Rego, M. A., Lorenzo Moledo, M., & Samartino López, E. (2010). Los nuevos aprendices del gallego. Articulando materiales para el empoderamiento lingüístico y la inclusión educativa. Segundas Lenguas e Inmigración en red, 106–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva Domínguez, C., & Recalde, M. (2012, September 12–14). A política educativa galega para as novas minorías etnolingüísticas. Paper Presented at X Congreso da Asociación Internacional de Estudos Galegos, Cardiff University, Cardiff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soler, J. (2012). The Anonymity of Catalan and the Authenticity of Estonian: Two Paths for the Development of Medium-Sized Languages. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16(2), 153–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woolard, K. (2008). Language and Identity Choice in Catalonia: The Interplay of Contrasting Ideologies of Linguistic Authority. In K. Süselbeck, U. Mühlschlegel, & P. Masson (Eds.), Lengua, nación e identidad. La regulación del plurilingüismo en España y América Latina (pp. 303–323). Madrid: Iberoamericana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolard, K., & Frekko, S. E. (2012, October). Catalan in the Twenty-First Century: Romantic Publics and Cosmopolitan Communities. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16(2), 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Appendix: Transcription Conventions

Appendix: Transcription Conventions

XXX unintelligible

[…] material omitted

… perceivable pause

Galician

Spanish

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bermingham, N. (2018). Double New Speakers? Language Ideologies of Immigrant Students in Galicia. In: Smith-Christmas, C., Ó Murchadha, N., Hornsby, M., Moriarty, M. (eds) New Speakers of Minority Languages. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57558-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57558-6_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-57557-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-57558-6

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics