Abstract
This chapter examines how two new theatrical productions, The Perfection of Ten, directed by Sean Tobin, and Tell Me When to Laugh and When to Cry, written, performed and directed by Peter Sau, consciously staged multiplicity as intersecting and overlapping presences, as well as constantly revising the boundaries of singularity to assert porosity and liquidity as useful and ordinary ways of being and becoming. Rajendren argues that the overt synthesis of what is ‘real’ and ‘fictional’, self and other, further complicates the process of viewing theatre to generate alternative frames for apprehending and experiencing contemporary life. In the global city-state of Singapore, these alternative expressions of the individual and community, the story and the history, are particularly potent as contestations of official notions of multicultural society which tend to assume neat delineations of selves and others. Both these productions drew from different voices (playwrights, directors, performers) and sources (histories, narrative, stories), juxtaposing different languages, world views and cultural frames within a single production. Reflecting on the process and politics of performance-making as part of the play, the productions also pushed audiences to reconfigure theatre as a space for reimagining culture rather than merely representing culture as it is allegedly ‘known’.
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Notes
- 1.
The population of Singapore in 2013 is estimated at 5.3 million, of which only 3.3 million are citizens. The rest consist of permanent residents, foreign workers, students and dependents, with a steady flow of tourists and business travelers coming through the island-state. The land area, currently 715 square kilometres, has grown due to land reclamation, but continues to be among the most densely populated countries in the world. See http://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/latest_data.html#13.
- 2.
R. Sennett (2012) Together: The Rituals, Pleasures and Politics of Cooperation (New Haven & London: Yale University Press), pp. 199–220.
- 3.
E. Fischer-Lichte (2012) ‘Appearing as embodied mind—defining a weak, a strong and a radical concept of presence’, in G. Giannachi, N. Kaye and M. Shanks (eds.) Archaeologies of Presence: Art, Performance and the Persistence of Being (Abingdon & New York: Routledge), pp. 112–116.
- 4.
P. Gilroy (2005) Postcolonial Melancholia (New York: Columbia University Press), p. xv.
- 5.
P.K. Kuo (2008) ‘Contemplating an Open Culture: Transcending Multiracialism’ in B. L. Tan (ed.) The Complete Works of Kuo Pao Kun: Volume Seven—Papers and Speeches (Singapore: The Theatre Practice and Global Publishing) pp. 252–257.
- 6.
T. Smith (2008) ‘Introduction: The Contemporaneity Question’, in T. Smith, O. Enwezor and N. Condee (eds.) Antinomies of Art and Culture: Modernity, Postmodernity, Contemporaneity (Durham: Duke University Press), pp. 5–8.
- 7.
See E. Lee (2008) Singapore: The Unexpected Nation (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies), pp. 8–17, for more on Singapore as an entrepot.
- 8.
See Lee (2008), Singapore, pp. 21–36, for more on the racial composition of early Singapore society.
- 9.
J.S. Furnivall, cited in R.W. Hefner (2001) ‘Introduction: Multiculturalism and Citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia’, in R. Hefner (ed.) The Politics of Multiculturalism: Pluralism and Citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press), p. 4.
- 10.
Kuo, Transcending, p. 253.
- 11.
Ibid., p. 254.
- 12.
Ibid., p. 256.
- 13.
Ibid.
- 14.
B.K. Cheah (2002) Malaysia: The Making of a Nation (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies), pp. 233–5. Although Cheah’s discussion is based in the context of the Malaysian nation, the argument applies to Singapore as both nations share a colonial history that led to similar frames for a multicultural society that is officially multiracial, multilingual and multireligious.
- 15.
Sennett, Together, pp. 20–22.
- 16.
Gilroy, Postcolonial, p. xv.
- 17.
Ibid., p. xv.
- 18.
Ibid.
- 19.
Ibid., p. 19.
- 20.
Sennett (2012), p. 199.
- 21.
Ibid., pp. 219–220.
- 22.
Ibid., p. 223.
- 23.
Ibid., p. 115.
- 24.
Ibid.
- 25.
Peter Sau (n.d.), Tell Me When to Laugh and When to Cry (Unpublished Script), p. 2.
- 26.
Ibid.
- 27.
Ibid.
- 28.
Ibid., pp. 20–21.
- 29.
Ibid., p. 22.
- 30.
The nation’s reputation for its high levels of orderliness, cleanliness and efficiency implies a flawlessness that cuts across all spheres of social identity. Hence, Kuo Pao Kun’s prod to question the fear of failure in his oft-quoted reflection that ‘it is better to have a worthy failure than a mediocre success’—something Sau alludes to at the beginning of his performance (Sau, p. 3)—expands the space for a perfection that admits its own other rather than excludes it.
- 31.
Sean Tobin, The Perfection of Ten (Unpublished Script), p. 3.
- 32.
Ibid., p. 2.
- 33.
Ibid., p. 16.
- 34.
Ibid.
- 35.
R. J.C. Young (2012) ‘Postcolonial Remains’ in New Literary History, Volume 43, Number 1 (John Hopkins University Press), p. 39.
- 36.
Ibid.
Bibliography
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Fischer-Lichte, E. (2012). Appearing as embodied mind – Defining a weak, a strong and a radical concept of presence. In G. Giannachi, N. Kaye, & M. Shanks (Eds.), Archaeologies of presence: Art, performance and the persistence of being (pp. 103–118). Abingdon/New York: Routledge.
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Gilroy, P. (2005). Postcolonial Melancholia. New York: Columbia University Press.
Hefner, R. (Ed.). (2001a). The politics of multiculturalism: Pluralism and citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
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Lee, E. (2008). Singapore: The unexpected nation. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Sau, P. Tell me when to laugh and when to cry. Unpublished script.
Sennett, R. (2012). Together: The rituals, pleasures and politics of cooperation. New Haven/London: Yale University Press.
Smith, T. (2008). Introduction: The contemporaneity question. In T. Smith, O. Enwezor, & N. Condee (Eds.), Antinomies of art and culture: Modernity, postmodernity, contemporaneity (pp. 1–18). Durham: Duke University Press.
Smith, T., Enwezor, O., & Condee, N. (Eds.). (2008). Antinomies of art and culture: Modernity, postmodernity, contemporaneity. Durham: Duke University Press.
Tan, B. L. (Ed.). (2008). The complete works of Kuo Pao Kun: Volume seven – Papers and speeches. Singapore: The Theatre Practice and Global Publishing.
Tobin, S. The perfection of ten. Unpublished script.
Young, R. J. C. (2012). Postcolonial remains. New Literary History, 43(1), pp. 19–42 (The John Hopkins University Press).
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Rajendran, C. (2016). Embodying Multiplicity on the Singapore Stage: Plays of Difference. In: Ade, W., Ching, L. (eds) Contemporary Arts as Political Practice in Singapore. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57344-5_6
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