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Inorganic Bodies, Longing to Become Organic: Hunger and Environment in Thomas Carlyle’s The French Revolution

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Victorian Environments

Abstract

Hunger is a defining characteristic of revolutionary France in Thomas Carlyle’s The French Revolution: A History (1837). This chapter argues that by identifying revolutionary hunger as a point of crisis between a human society and the non-human environment that feeds it, Carlyle’s references to digestion extend beyond a purely social critique and necessitate an ecocritical reading. Many of Carlyle’s contemporaries, most notably Thomas Malthus, explored digestion as a focal point of humanity’s relationship with a non-human environment. This chapter explores Carlyle’s complication and dismissal of such materialist readings of this digestive exchange through his symbolic narration of “Hunger” as an autonomous feature of the revolutionary environment in its own right.

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Notes

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  50. 50.

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  51. 51.

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  52. 52.

    Carlyle alludes to the Marquis de Concordet’s argument in Outlines of an Historical View of the Progress of the Human Mind (1795) that death could be endlessly postponed by human progress: “a period must one day arrive when death will be nothing more than the effect either of extraordinary accidents, or of the slow and gradual decay of the vital powers; and that the duration of the middle space, of the interval between the birth of man and this decay, will itself have no assignable limit” (242).

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  54. 54.

    Rosenberg, Carlyle and the Burden of History, 22.

  55. 55.

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  56. 56.

    Desaulniers , Carlyle and the Economics of Terror, 34.

  57. 57.

    Carlyle, French Revolution, 32.

  58. 58.

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  64. 64.

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  65. 65.

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  66. 66.

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  68. 68.

    Carlyle, French Revolution, 572.

  69. 69.

    E. P. Thompson , “The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century,” Past & Present 50 (1971): 78–79.

  70. 70.

    Carlyle, French Revolution, 191.

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Rudkin, H. (2018). Inorganic Bodies, Longing to Become Organic: Hunger and Environment in Thomas Carlyle’s The French Revolution . In: Moore, G., Smith, M. (eds) Victorian Environments. Palgrave Studies in Nineteenth-Century Writing and Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57337-7_11

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