Abstract
Concessions are broadly used in many nations around the world and were used in Tsarist Russia long before the Soviet Union. Furthermore, in the 1920s, Soviet Russia also launched concessions, including those with foreign investors. It is not surprising that, due to concessions’ long history and accumulated experience, both domestic and international, modern Kazakhstan and Russia have turned their attention to the concession as a principal PPP form. This has been reinforced by a lack of knowledge regarding other PPP forms, such as an asset life-cycle contract or a service contract. This focus on concessions has resulted in certain legislative acts: instead of a general law that would govern PPPs and establish a variety of PPP forms and models; in 2005–2006, each nation passed a law on concessions. Subsequently, supported by relevant legislative acts and regulatory frameworks, Kazakhstan and Russia exclusively used concessions as a PPP form for over ten years, until 2016. Since 2016, newly adopted PPP laws in each country permit the use of a variety of PPP forms, in addition to concessions.
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Mouraviev, N., Kakabadse, N.K. (2017). Concessions: PPP Pathfinder. In: Public–Private Partnerships. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56952-3_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56952-3_5
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