Abstract
The epigram in Alfred Marshall’s Principles of Economics, a keystone text for Chicago price theory, is natura non facit saltum—nature does not move in jumps. This chapter applies Marshall’s adage to the development of George J. Stigler’s understanding and practice of price theory. We begin with Stigler’s earliest writings when he was a graduate student, proceeding through his career to the point when, as a mature scholar Stigler wrote reflections on the place of his ideas in the changing landscape of neoclassical economics. The chapter identifies threads that run throughout Stigler’s work from beginning to end, along with other threads that change their twist over the course of his career. The chapter demonstrates the importance of history and biography to understanding of economic ideas.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Burns, A.F. (1934) Production Trends in the United States Since 1870. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Burns, A.R. (1936) The Decline of Competition: A Study of the Evolution of American Industry. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Clark, J.M. (1917) “Business Acceleration and the Law of Demand: A Technical Factor in Economic Cycles.” Journal of Political Economy 25 (March): 217–35.
Clark, J.M. (1940) “Toward a Concept of Workable Competition.” American Economic Review 30 (June): 241–56.
Fetter, F.A. (1937) “Planning for Totalitarian Monopoly.” Journal of Political Economy 45 (February): 95–110.
Freedman, C. (2008) Chicago Fundamentalism: Ideology and Methodology in Economics. Singapore: World Scientific.
Freedman, C. (2012) “Insider’s Story: Notes on the Claire Friedland and George Stigler Partnership.” History of Economics Review 55 (Winter): 1–28.
Freedman, C. (2016) In Search of the Two-Handed Economist: Ideology, Methodology, and Marketing in Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Frisch, R. (1931) “The Interrelation between Capital Production and Consumer-Taking.” Journal of Political Economy 39 (October): 646–54.
Goodwin, C.D. (and others). (2002) “George J. Stigler (1911–1991): Scholar, Father, Dissertation Advisor, Referee, Textbook Writer and Policy Analyst.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology 61 (July): 609–56.
Hammond, J.D. (2016) “Milton Friedman and George J. Stigler: Early Interactions and Connections.” In Milton Friedman: Contributions to Economics and Public Policy, edited by R.A. Cord and J.D. Hammond. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hammond, J.D., and C.H. Hammond., eds. (2006) Making Chicago Price Theory: Friedman-Stigler Correspondence, 1945–1957. Abington, UK and New York: Routledge.
Hammond, J.D., S.G. Medema, and J.D. Singleton. (2013) “Introduction” to Chicago Price Theory. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Irwin, D. (1994) Introduction to G.J. Stigler, Production and Distribution Theories. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Jevons, W.S. (1871) Theory of Political Economy. London: Macmillan.
Keynes, J.N. (1930) The Scope and Method of Political Economy, 4th ed. London: Macmillan,
Knight, F.K. (1921a) Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit. Boston: Hart, Schaffner & Marx.
Knight, F.K. (1921b) “Cost of Production and Price Over Long and Short Periods.” Journal of Political Economy 29 (April): 304–35.
Lester, R.A. (1947) “Marginalism, Minimum Wages, and Labor Markets.” American Economic Review (March): 135–48.
Menger, C. (1871) Grundsatze der Volkwirtschaftslehre. Reprints of Scarce Tracts, London School of Economics.
Mitchell, W.C. (1937) The Backward Art of Spending Money and Other Essays. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nik-Khah, E. (2010) “George Stigler.” In The Elgar Companion to the Chicago School of Economics, edited by R.B. Emmett. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
Parsons, T. (1937) The Structure of Social Action: A Study of Social Theory With Special Reference to a Group of Recent European Writers. New York: Free Press.
Rea, R. (1908) Free Trade in Being. London: Macmillan.
Rutherford, M. (2011) The Institutionalist Movement in American Economics, 1918–1947: Science and Social Control. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schultz, H. (1929) “Marginal Productivity and the General Pricing Process.” Journal of Political Economy 37 (October): 505–51.
Schumpeter, J.A. (1939) Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical, and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Schumpeter, J.A. (1944) Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. London: Allen and Unwin.
Simons, H. (1934) Positive Program for Laissez-Faire: Some Proposals for a Liberal Economic Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Simons, H. (1938) Personal Income Taxation: The Definition of Income as a Problem of Fiscal Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Stigler, G.J. (1931–1932) “The Theory of Value from Adam Smith to Stanley Jevons.” Term paper, Northwestern University.
Stigler, G.J. (1932a) “A Theory of Distribution.” Term paper, Northwestern University.
Stigler, G.J. (1932b) “Some Economic Aspects of Municipal Land Policies of American Cities.” Masters thesis, Northwestern University.
Stigler, G.J. (1937a) “The Economics of Carl Menger.” Journal of Political Economy 45 (April): 229–50.
Stigler, G.J. (1937b) “A Generalization of the Theory of Imperfect Competition.” Journal of Farm Economics 19 (August): 707–17.
Stigler, G.J. (1938) “Social Welfare and Differential Prices.” Journal of Farm Economics 20 (August): 573–86.
Stigler, G.J. (1939) “The Limitations of Statistical Demand Curves.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 34 (September): 469–81.
Stigler, G.J. (1940) “Notes on the Theory of Duopoly.” Journal of Political Economy 48 (August): 521–41.
Stigler, G.J. (1941/1994) Production and Distribution Theories: The Formative Period. New York: Macmillan and New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Stigler, G.J. (1942a) “The Extent and Bases of Monopoly.” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 32 (June): 1–22.
Stigler, G.J. (1942b) The Theory of Competitive Price. New York: Macmillan.
Stigler, G.J. (1943) “The New Welfare Economics.” American Economic Review 33 (June): 355–59.
Stigler, G.J. (1946a) Domestic Servants in the United States, 1900–1940. New York: NBER.
Stigler, G.J. (1946b) The Theory of Price. New York: Macmillan.
Stigler, G.J. (1946c) “The Economics of Minimum Wage Legislation.” American Economic Review 36 (June): 358–65.
Stigler, G.J. (1947a) Trends in Output and Employment. New York: NBER.
Stigler, G.J. (1947b) “Notes in the History of the Giffen Paradox.” Journal of Political Economy 55 (April): 152–56.
Stigler. G.J. (1949a) “A Survey of Contemporary Economics.” Journal of Political Economy 57 (April): 93–105.
Stigler, G.J. (1949b) Five Lectures on Economic Problems. New York: Longmans, Green.
Stigler, G.J. (1949c) “A Theory of Delivered Prices.” American Economic Review 39 (December): 1143–59.
Stigler, G.J. (1950a) “Monopoly and Oligopoly by Merger.” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 40 (May): 23–34.
Stigler, G.J. (1950b) “Two Statements on Monopoly.” In Hearings before the Subcommittee on the Study of Monopoly Power. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary, April 18–May 11.
Stigler, G.J. (1955) “Mergers and Preventive Antitrust Policy.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 104 (November): 176–84.
Stigler, G.J. (1956) “Industrial Organization and Economic Progress.” In The State of the Social Sciences, edited by Leonard D. White. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Stigler, G.J. (1958a) “The Economies of Scale.” Journal of Law and Economics 1 (October): 54–71.
Stigler, G.J. (1958b) “The Goals of Economic Policy.” Journal of Business 5 (July): 169–76.
Stigler, G.J. (1959) “The Politics of Political Economists.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 73 (November): 522–32.
Stigler, G.J. (1961) “The Economics of Information.” Journal of Political Economy 69 (June): 213–25.
Stigler, G.J. (1965) “The Economist and the State.” American Economic Review 55 (March): 1–18.
Stigler, G.J. (1967) “The Economic Effects of Antitrust Laws.” Journal of Law and Economics 9 (October): 225–58.
Stigler, G.J. (1971) “The Theory of Economic Regulation.” Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 2 (Spring): 3–21.
Stigler, G.J. (1982a). “Economists and Public Policy” [G. Warren Nutter Memorial Lecture]. Regulation 6 (May/June): 13–17.
Stigler, G.J. (1982b) “The Economists and the Problem of Monopoly.” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 72 (May): 1–11.
Stigler, G.J. (1983) “Nobel Lecture: The Process and Progress of Economics.” Journal of Political Economy 91 (August): 529–45.
Stigler, G.J., and G. Becker. (1977) “De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum.” American Economic Review 67 (March): 76–90.
Tugwell, R.G., et al. (1924) The Trend of Economics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Von Neumann J., and O. Morgenstern. (1944) Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Waugh, F.V. (1938) “Market Prorates and Social Welfare.” Journal of Farm Economics 20 (May): 403–16.
Acknowledgements
I thank Craig Freedman, David Mitch, and Steve Medema for comments on earlier drafts.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hammond, J.D. (2020). Between Old and New: George Stigler’s Chicago Price Theory. In: Freedman, C. (eds) George Stigler. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56815-1_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56815-1_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-56814-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-56815-1
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)