Skip to main content

Does Necessity Shield Work? The Struggles of Butchers and Waste Management Workers for Recognition

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Stigmas, Work and Organizations

Part of the book series: Palgrave Explorations in Workplace Stigma ((PAEWS))

  • 1209 Accesses

Abstract

Drawing on two studies of those involved in physically tainted jobs, this chapter seeks to explore what constraints might compel or hinder the application of particular discursive ideologies and strategies in battling stigma attached to these jobs. The findings demonstrate how workers count on labour market participation as a way of preserving their worth. Participants also possess a strong sense of the appropriateness of particular types of work, a sense consistent with traditional norms of masculinity. However, edifying ideologies that workers commonly draw on lose their value as a result of changing labour market conditions (significantly less demand for physical labour and a preference for “clean” white collar work) and malformed understandings of what is useful (when the notion of utility shifts from “being beneficial to communities” to “providing the best value for tax payers’ money”).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ackroyd, S., & Crowdy, P. A. (1990). Can culture be managed? Working with “raw” material: The case of the English slaughtermen. Personnel Review, 19(5), 3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvesson, M., & Skoldberg, K. (2002). Reflexive methodology: New vistas for qualitative research. London, UK: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashforth, B. E., & Kreiner, G. E. (1999). “How can you do it?”: Dirty work and the challenge of constructing a positive identity. Academy of management Review, 24(3), 413–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashforth, B. E., & Kreiner, G. E. (2014). Dirty work and dirtier work: Differences in countering physical, social, and moral stigma. Management and Organization Review, 10(1), 81–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashforth, B. E., Kreiner, G. E., Clark, M. A., & Fugate, M. (2007). Normalizing dirty work: Managerial tactics for countering occupational taint. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 149–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1996). Understanding. Theory, Culture & Society, 13(2), 17–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clair, J. A., Beatty, J. E., & MacLean, T. L. (2005). Out of sight but not out of mind: Managing invisible social identities in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 78–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crocker, J. (1999). Social stigma and self-esteem: Situational construction of self-worth. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(1), 89–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, M. (1966). Secular defilement. In Purity and danger: An analysis of the concepts of pollutions and taboo (pp. 36–50). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Drew, S. K., Mills, M., & Gassaway, B. M. (2007). Dirty work: The social construction of taint. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk, G. (2001). Stigma: How we treat outsiders. New York, NT: Prometheus Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flick, U. (2007). Designing qualitative research. London, UK: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, N., & Honneth, A. (2003). Redistribution or recognition?: A political-philosophical exchange. London, UK: Verso.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma. Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grandy, G. (2008). Managing spoiled identities: Dirty workers’ struggles for a favourable sense of self. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 3(3), 176–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, C., Phillips, N., & Clegg, S. (2001). Reflexivity in organization and management theory: A study of the production of the research subject. Human Relations, 54(5), 531–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harter, L. M., Berquist, C., Scott Titsworth, B., Novak, D., & Brokaw, T. (2005). The structuring of invisibility among the hidden homeless: The politics of space, stigma, and identity construction. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 33(4), 305–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosoda, M., & Stone, D. L. (2000). Current gender stereotypes and their evaluative content. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 90(3c), 1283–1294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, E. C. (1958). Men and their work. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, M. S., & Hodge, E. (2014). Dirt, death and danger? I don’t recall any adverse reaction… Masculinity and the taint management of hospital private security work. Gender, Work & Organization, 21(6), 546–558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karnieli-Miller, O., Strier, R., & Pessach, L. (2009). Power relations in qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research, 19(2), 279–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, J. M., & Johnson, C. (2004). Stigmatized individuals and the process of identity. The Sociological Quarterly, 45(4), 807–833.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koch, N. S., & Emrey, J. A. (2001). The Internet and opinion measurement: Surveying marginalized populations. Social Science Quarterly, 82(1), 131–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kreiner, G. E. (2006). Consequences of work-home segmentation or integration: A person-environment fit perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(4), 485–507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kreiner, G. E., Hollensbe, E. C., & Sheep, M. L. (2006). On the edge of identity: Boundary dynamics at the interface of individual and organizational identities. Human Relations, 59(10), 1315–1341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. (2009). Positioning lawyers: Discursive resources, professional ethics and identification. Organization, 16(5), 681–704.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kulik, C. T., Bainbridge, H. T., & Cregan, C. (2008). Known by the company we keep: Stigma-by-association effects in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 33(1), 216–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001). Conceptualizing stigma. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 363–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutgen-Sandvik, P. (2008). Intensive remedial identity work: Responses to workplace bullying trauma and stigmatization. Organization, 15(1), 97–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDowell, L. (2003). Masculine identities and low-paid work: Young men in urban labour markets. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27(4), 828–848.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meara, H. (1974). Honor in dirty work. The case of American meat cutters and Turkish butchers. Work and Occupations, 1(3), 259–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meisenbach, R. J. (2010). Stigma management communication: A theory and agenda for applied research on how individuals manage moments of stigmatized identity. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 38(3), 268–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C. T., & Kaiser, C. R. (2001). A theoretical perspective on coping with stigma. Journal of Social Issues, 57(1), 73–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C. T., & Major, B. (2000). Coping with stigma and prejudice. In T. Heatherton (Ed.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 243–272). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paetzold, R. L., Dipboye, R. L., & Elsbach, K. D. (2008). A new look at stigmatization in and of organizations. Academy of Management Review, 33(1), 186–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petriglieri, J. L. (2011). Under threat: Responses to and the consequences of threats to individuals’ identities. Academy of Management Review, 36(4), 641–662.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragins, B. R., Singh, R., & Cornwell, J. M. (2007). Making the invisible visible: Fear and disclosure of sexual orientation at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roca, E. (2010). The exercise of moral imagination in stigmatized work groups. Journal of business ethics, 96(1), 135–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowbotham, S. (2006). Cleaners’ organizing in Britain from the 1970s: A personal account. Antipode, 38(3), 608–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, R., Hughes, J., Slutskaya, N., & Balta, M. (2014). Sacrifice and distinction in dirty work: Men’s construction of meaning in the butcher trade. Work, Employment & Society, 28(5), 754–770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slutskaya, N., Simpson, R., Hughes, J., Simpson, A., & Uygur, S. (2016). Masculinity and class in the context of dirty work. Gender, Work & Organization, 23(2), 165–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. J., & Bogdan, R. (1984). Introduction to qualitative research methods: The search for meaning. New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiel, D. (2007). Class in construction: London building workers, dirty work and physical cultures. The British Journal of Sociology, 58(2), 227–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tracy, S. J., & Scott, C. (2006). Sexuality, masculinity, and taint management among firefighters and correctional officers getting down and dirty with “America’s heroes” and the “scum of law enforcement”. Management Communication Quarterly, 20(1), 6–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, M. (2012). Glamour girls, macho men and everything in between: Un/doing gender and dirty work in Soho’s sex shops. In R. Simpson, N. Slutskaya, P. Lewis, & H. Höpfl (Eds.), Dirty work: Concepts and identities (pp. 65–90). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • van Vuuren, M., Teurlings, J., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2012). Shared fate and social comparison: Identity work in the context of a stigmatized occupation. Journal of Management & Organization, 18(2), 263–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiesenfeld, B. M., Wurthmann, K. A., & Hambrick, D. C. (2008). The stigmatization and devaluation of elites associated with corporate failures: A process model. Academy of Management Review, 33(1), 231–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Slutskaya, N., Morgan, R., Simpson, R., Simpson, A. (2018). Does Necessity Shield Work? The Struggles of Butchers and Waste Management Workers for Recognition. In: Thomson, S., Grandy, G. (eds) Stigmas, Work and Organizations . Palgrave Explorations in Workplace Stigma. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56476-4_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics