Abstract
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) has the busiest execution chamber in the USA. Between 1924 and 1964, Texas executed 361 men. Since the end of the national death penalty moratorium in 1982, Texas has executed 528 men and women (Fernandez and Schwartz 2014; Texas Department of Criminal Justice 2015). Texas was also the first state in the USA to execute using lethal injection (Marquart et al. 1994: 137). Given this volume of executions performed in Texas as well as the current controversies over the method of lethal injection, interpreting representations of this practice are critical to understanding the dynamics of capital punishment. Located in Huntsville, the heart of the Texas prison system, the Texas Prison Museum is the only cultural site where the public can gain information about Texas executions and cast their own eyes on the electric chair, “Old Sparky.”
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
It was to the survey questions, “What was your immediate reaction to seeing the electric chair?” and “What do you think of the death penalty display?” and “What do you think visitors are supposed to take away from the death penalty display?” that visitors responded in this way. Over a third of survey respondents explicitly and implicitly discussed their political opinions of the death penalty, and many of these visitors used their viewpoints to answer more than one of the above questions.
References
Adkins, Arthur W.H. 1960. Merit and Responsibility: A Study in Greek Values. London: Oxford University Press.
Arnold-de Simine, Silke. 2013. Mediating Memory in the Museum: Trauma, Empathy, Nostalgia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin. 2012. Fear of the Dead, Fear of Death: Is It Biological or Psychological? Morality 17/4: 322–337.
Bond, Nigel and John Falk. 2013. Tourism and Identity-Related Motivations: Why Am I Here (and Not There)? International Journal of Tourism Research 15: 430–442.
Buhmann, Karin. 2012. Damned If You Do, Damned If You Don’t? The Lundbeck Case of Pentobarbital, the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and Competing Human Rights Responsibilities. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 40/2: 206–219.
Carpentier, Nico and Leen Van Brussel. 2012. On the Contingency of Death: A Discourse-Theoretical Perspective on the Construction of Death. Critical Discourse Studies 9/2: 99–115.
Clear, Todd R. 1994. Harm in American Penology: Offenders, Victims, and Their Communities. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Costanzo, Mark and Lawrence T. White. 1994. An Overview of the Death Penalty and Capital Trials: History, Current Status, Legal Procedures, and Cost. Journal of Social Issues 50/2: 1–18.
Cozzolino, Philip J. 2006. Death Contemplation, Growth, and Defence: Converging Evidence of Dual-Existential Systems?. Psychological Inquiry 17/4: 278–287.
Curran, William J., and Ward Casscells. 1980. The Ethics of Medical Participation in Capital Punishment by Intravenous Drug Injection. The New England Journal of Medicine 302/4: 226–230
Day to Day [National Public Radio] (USA). 2006. The Medical Ethics of the Death Penalty. 21 February.
Death Penalty Information Center. 2016a. “Innocence Database.” deathpenaltyinfo.org/innocence?inno_name=%26exonerated=%26state_innocence=40&race=All&dna=All.
Death Penalty Information Center. 2016b. “State Polls and Studies.” deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-polls-and-studies
DeSpelder, Lynne Anne and Albert Lee Strickland. 1983. The Last Dance: Encountering Death and Dying. Palo Alto, California: Mayfield Publishing Company.
Dugan, Andrew. Gallup. October 15, 2015. Solid Majority Continue to Support Death Penalty. gallup.com/poll/186218/solid-majority-continue-support-death-penalty.aspx.
Eichstedt, Jennifer L., and Stephen Small. 2002. Representations of Slavery: Race and Ideology in Southern Plantation Museums. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution.
Fernandez, Manny and John Schwartz. 2014. Confronted on Execution, Texas Proudly Says It Kills Efficiently. The New York Times 12 May. nytimes.com/2014/05/13/us/facing-challenge-to-execution-texas-calls-its-process-the-gold-standard.html.
Fraser, Jem. 2007. Museums – Drama, Ritual, and Power. In Museum Revolutions: How Museums Change and are Changed, ed. Simon J. Knell, Suzanne MacLeod and Sheila Watson. New York: Routledge.
Garland, David. 2005. Capital Punishment and American Culture. Punishment & Society 7/4: 347–376.
Goldstein, Robert Justin. 1996. Burning the Flag: The Great 1989–1990 American Flag Desecration Controversy. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.
Halpern, Abraham L., and Alfred M. Freedman. 2002. Participation by Physicians in Legal Executions in the USA: An Update. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 15/6: 605–609.
Hirschberger, Gilad, Tom Pyszczynski, Tsachi Ein-Dor, Tal Shani Sherman, Eihab Kadah, Pelin Kesebir, and Young Chin Park. 2015. Fear of Death Amplifies Retributive Justice Motivations and Encourages Political Violence. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 7: 1–11.
Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean. 2000. Museums and the Interpretation of Visual Culture. London and New York: Routledge.
Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean. 2007. Museums and Education: Purpose, Pedagogy, Performance. New York: Routledge.
Lee, Raymond L.M. 2002. Modernity, Death, and the Self: Disenchantment of Death and Symbols of Bereavement. Illness, Crisis & Loss 10/2: 91–107.
Litton, Paul. 2013. Physician Participation in Executions, the Morality of Capital Punishment, and the Practical Implications of Their Relationship. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41/1: 333–352.
Marquart, James W., Sheldon Ekland-Olson, and Jonathan R. Sorensen. 1994. The Rope, The Chair, and the Needle. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Marstine, Janet. 2006. Introduction. In New Museum Theory and Practice: An Introduction, ed. Janet Marstine. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Mellor, Philip A., and Chris Shilling. 1993. Modernity, Self-Identity and the Sequestration of Death. Sociology 27/3: 411–431.
Nicolau, Ingrid. 2013. Historical Evolution of the Death Penalty Abolition as a Fundamental Human Right. Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice 5/2: 278–283.
Poveda, Tony G. 2000. American Exceptionalism and the Death Penalty. Social Justice 27/2: 252–267.
Pyszczynski, Tom, Jeff Greenberg, and Sheldon Solomon. 1999. A Dual-Process Model of Defence against Conscious and Unconscious Death-Related Thoughts: An Extension of Terror Management Theory. Psychological Review 106/4: 835–845.
Robb, Erika M. 2009. Violence and Recreation: Vacationing in the Realm of Dark Tourism. Anthropology and Humanism 34/1: 51–60.
Rogers, Sandra 2015. Email to author.
Smith, Laurajane. 2006. The Uses of Heritage. New York and London: Routledge.
Steele, Brian. 2013. Inventing Un-America. Journal of American Studies 47/4: 881–902.
Steiker, Carol S. 2002. Capital Punishment and American Exceptionalism. Oregon Law Review 81: 97–130.
Steiker, Carol S., and Jordan M. Steiker. 2014. The Death Penalty and Mass Incarceration: Convergences and Divergences. American Journal of Criminal Law 41/2: 189–207.
Stone, Philip R. 2006. A Dark Tourism Spectrum: Towards a Typology of Death and Macabre Related Tourist Sites, Attractions and Exhibitions. Tourism 54/2: 145–160.
Texas Department of Criminal Justice. 2015. Executions: December 7, 1982, through August 12, 2015, Death Row Information. tdcj.state.tx.us/death_row/dr_executions_by_year.html.
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. 1995. Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Boston: Beacon Press.
Truog, R.D., I.G. Cohen and M.A. Rockoff. 2014. Physicians, Medical Ethics, and Execution by Lethal Injection. JAMA 311/23: 2375–2376.
Urry, John. 1996. How Societies Remember the Past. In Theorizing Museums, ed. Sharon Macdonald and Gordon Fyfe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Vollum, Scott, Dennis R. Longmire, and Jacqueline Buffington-Vollum. 2004. Confidence in the Death Penalty and Support for its Use: Exploring the Value-Expressive Dimension of Death Penalty Attitudes. Justice Quarterly 21/3: 521–546.
Walters, Geoffrey. 2004. Is There Such a Thing as a Good Death? Palliative Medicine 18: 404–408.
Weil, Stephen E. 2002. Making Museums Matter. Washington: The Smithsonian Institution.
Welsh-Huggins, Andrew. 2014. Botched Execution Could Renew “Cruel” Challenges. Associated Press State Wire: Texas 1 May: infoweb.newsbank.com.ezproxy.shsu.edu/resources/doc/nb/news/14D88C017653E1F8?p=AWNBon.
Willett, James. 2014. Interviewed by Elizabeth Neucere 22 October.
Willett, James (http://jimwillett@sbcglobal.net) (6 May 2015). Emailed to: Neucere, Elizabeth (http://elizabeth.neucere@gmail.com).
Willmott, Hugh. 2000. Death. So What? Sociology, Sequestration and Emancipation. The Sociological Review 48/4: 649–665.
Wilson, Jaqueline Zara. 2004. Dark Tourism and the Celebrity Prisoner: Front and Back Regions in Representations of an Australian Historical Prison. Journal of Australian Studies 28/82: 1–13.
Woods, Simon. 2013. The “Good Death,” Palliative Care and End of Life Ethics. In A Good Death? Law and Ethics in Practice, ed. Lynn Hagger and Simon Woods. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company.
Zerubavel, Yael. 2011. From Recovered Roots: Collective Memory and the Making of Israeli National Tradition. In The Collective Memory Reader, ed. Jeffrey K. Olick, Vered Vinitzky-Seroussi and Daniel Levy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Neucere, E. (2017). Execution on Display: Visitor Reactions to Texas’ Electric Chair. In: Wilson, J., Hodgkinson, S., Piché, J., Walby, K. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Prison Tourism. Palgrave Studies in Prisons and Penology. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56135-0_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56135-0_38
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-56134-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-56135-0
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)