Skip to main content

Nothing but Culture: The Pen War Between Hu Shi and the Conservative Xueheng School

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Birth of Twentieth-Century Chinese Literature
  • 576 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter deals with the long-standing and influential debate between the Radical School, led by Hu Shi, and the Conservative Xueheng School, led by Mei Guangdi and Wu Mi. The debate centered on the relationship between language and literature, the theory and place of baihua literature, and the modern culture of China. The chapter offers a new and favorable evaluation of the significance and place of the Xueheng School without disparaging the theoretical and practical achievements and contributions of Hu Shi and his colleagues in the development of modern Chinese literature and culture.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Works Cited

  • Chen Duxiu. (1991). A Reply to the Swordsmen (Confucianism). In Selected Works of Chen Duxiu (Vol. 1). Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen Duxiu. (1995). Reasons for Starting Anhui Colloquialism Newspaper. In Sun Shangyang & Guo Lanfang (Eds.), “Foreword to The Critical Review.” New Knowledge on National Cultural Heritage: Selected Essays from the Xueheng School (Vol. 1). Beijing: China Radio and TV Publishing Press, No Specific Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen Duxiu. A Vindication of The New Youth. Vol. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen Duxiu. On the Differences between Chinese and the Westerners in Regard to Their Thought. Vol. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao Like. (1992). The Tension between History and Value: Review of Modern Chinese Thought. Guiyang: Guizhou People’s Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. After Word to Issue 142 of The Independent Review. In Collected Works of Hu Shi (Vol. 11).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. A Brief History of New Chinese Literature. Vol. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. Again, Zhang Shizhao Rebels. Vol. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. (1994a). Diaries of Hu Shi: Studying Abroad. Haikou: Hainan International News Publishing Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. (1994b). Foreword. In Diaries of Hu Shi: Studying Abroad. Haikou: Hainan International News Publishing Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. Hu Shi’s Posthumous Manuscript and Secret Letters (Ed. Geng Yunzhi, Vol. 33). Anhui: Huangshan Press, 1994c.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. Forced to Join the Liangshan Rebels. In Collected Works of Hu Shi (Vol. 1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. The History of baihua Literature. Vol. 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. Introduction. In A Brief History of New Chinese Literature (Vol. 1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. Introduction to My Own Thought. Vol. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. Me at Forty: In Shanghai. Vol. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. On Building up a Literary Revolution. Vol. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. On the Historical Concept of Literature. Vol. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. On New Poetry (A Great Event in the Past Eight Years). Vol. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. Reasons for Promoting Baihua. Vol. 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Shi. Reply to Qian Tongshu. Vol. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuang Xinian. (1998). Modern Chinese Literature and Modernity. Shanghai: Shanghai Far East Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Yi. (1998). Review of the Xueheng School and the May Fourth New Literature Movement. Social Sciences in China, 6, 150–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Zehou. (1994). A Theoretical History of Modern Chinese Thought. Hefei: Anhui Literature and Art Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin Shu. (1996). On Reasons Why wenyan Should Not Be Abandoned. In Collected Letters of Hu Shi (Vol. 1). Beijing: Peking UP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Boming. (1995). The Spirit of the People of the Republic of China. In Sun Shangyang & Guo Lanfang (Eds.), New Knowledge on National Cultural Heritage: Selected Essays from the Xueheng School. Beijing: China Radio and TV Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Yizheng. (1988). A History of Chinese Culture (Vol. 2). Shanghai: East Publishing Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu Xun. An Annotation of Xueheng. In The Complete Works of Lu Xun (Vol. 1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu Xun. Silent China. In The Complete Works of Lu Xun (Vol. 4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei Guangdi. (1994). A Letter to Hu Shi. In Geng Zhiyun (Ed.), Posthumous Works of Hu Shi and His Received Letters. Hefei: Huangshan Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei Guangdi. (1995). On the Proposal for Today’s Academic Methods. In Sun Shangyang & Guo Lanfang (Eds.), New Knowledge on National Cultural Heritage: Selected Essays from the Xueheng School. Beijing: China Radio and TV Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei Guangdi. On the Proposal for Today’s Academic Methods. Ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shao Zuping. (1995). On New and Old Ethics and Their Relation with Literature. In Sun Shangyang & Guo Lanfang (Eds.), New Knowledge on National Cultural Heritage: Selected Essays from the Xueheng School. Beijing: China Radio and TV Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen Weiwei. (1999). Looking Back at the Xueheng School: The Modern Destiny of Cultural Conservatism. Beijing: People’s Literature Publishing Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun Shangyang. (1995). Between the Enlightenment and Academia: Reevaluation of the Xueheng School. In Sun Shangyang & Guo Lanfang (Eds.), New Knowledge on National Cultural Heritage: Selected Essays from the Xueheng School. Beijing: China Radio and TV Publishing Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang Yongtong. (1995). On the Contemporary Studies of Culture. In Sun Shangyang & Guo Lanfang (Eds.), New Knowledge on National Cultural Heritage: Selected Essays from the Xueheng School. Beijing: China Radio and TV Publishing Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tong, T. (1998). An Autobiography: As Told by Hu Shih. In Ouyang Zhesheng (Ed.), Collected Works of Hu Shi (Vol. 1). Beijing: Beijing UP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tong, T. (1999). Random Memories of Hu Shi. Shanghai: East China Normal UP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Guowei. (1997). On the Creation of New Terms. In Selected Works of Wang Guowei (Vol. 3). Beijing: Yanshan Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Mi. (1927, September 22). The Value of Confucius and the Essence of Confucianism. Ta Kung Pao.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Mi. (1995). On the New Culture Movement. In Sun Shangyang & Guo Lanfang (Eds.), New Knowledge on National Cultural Heritage: Selected Essays from the Xueheng School. Beijing: China Radio and TV Publishing Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu Youyu. (1994). Copernicus Revolution: Linguistic Turn of Philosophy. Shanghai: SDX Joint Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu Sheng. (1998). Modern Literature and Its Modernity. Shanghai: Far East Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Zhenduo. (1936). Introduction. In Anthology of New Chinese Literature: Literary Debates. Shanghai: Liangyou Book Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Zuoren. (1998). Suggestions for Reforming the National Language. In The Realm of Reading at Night. Changsha: Hunan Literature and Art Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gao, Y. (2018). Nothing but Culture: The Pen War Between Hu Shi and the Conservative Xueheng School. In: The Birth of Twentieth-Century Chinese Literature. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55936-4_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55936-4_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-56529-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-55936-4

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics