Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Quadruple Innovation Helix Nexus

Abstract

This book aims at defining the impact of public policies and productive public expenditures on innovation activity and economic growth in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. We take inspiration from the “Quadruple Helix of Innovation” theory (QH). The context of new emerging Bio-Nano-ICT technologies and 4.0 revolution, a context of uncertainty and of emerging new institutions and forms of government, requires a more intensive interaction between companies, the industry, knowledge production centres, the State, and civil society. This interaction can be facilitated by governments and by public policies. These interactions, cooperations, joint competitions, and joint creations are at the core of the QH theory. We have, therefore, chosen the QH theory that highlights the issues of complementarity, cooperation, and sharing of knowledge between the different innovators within the innovation economy, for which we will build an economic growth model in the following chapters in order to frame analytically an innovation economy, and we then assess the role played by governments and by productive public expenditures in a growing innovation economy. In this chapter we address some literature review about QHI theory, National Systems of Innovation, economic growth, and public policies. We wish to stress the importance of investment in innovation as a means to increase the development of productivity in OECD countries in coordination with country-specific science and technology programmes and policies, now with the entire civil society involved.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Amable, B., & Guellec, D. (1992). Les théories de la croissance endogène. Revue d’Economie Politique, 102(3), 314–327 Mai – Juin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnkil, R., Jarvensivu, A., Koski, P., & Piirainen, T. (2010). Exploring the Quadruple Helix, Work Research Center, University of Tampere. Disponible sur le site de mimeo. www.cliqproject.eu/en/activities/research/quadruple_helix_research/?id=127

  • Aschauer, D. (1989). Is public expenditure productive? Journal of Monetary Economics, 23(2), 177–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balzat, M., & Hanusch, H. (2004). A new era in the dynamics of European integration? Discussion Paper Series 261. Institute for Economics, Universitaet Augsburg, Augsburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barro, R. J. (1988). The ricardian approach to budget deficits (Working Papers 728). Department of Economics, Queen’s University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barro, R. J. (1990a). Government spending in a simple model of endogenous growth. Journal of Political Economy, 98(S5), 103–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barro, R. J. (1990b). The stock market and investment. Review of Financial Studies, 3(1), 115–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barroso, J.M. (2010). Europe 2020: a European strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, Communication COM (3.3.2010) from the European Commission, Brussels.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandenburger, A. M., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1997). Co-opetition. New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush, V. (1945). Science: The endless frontier. Washington: United States Government Printing Office (http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/nsf50/vbush1945.htm#transmittal).

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. F. J., & Carayannis, E. G. (2012). Lineare und nicht-lineare knowledge production: innovative Herausforderungen für das Hochschulsystem. Zeitschrift für Hochschulentwicklung, 7(2), 64–72 (http://www.zfhe.at/index.php/zfhe/article/view/448).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. F. J., & E. G. Carayannis. (2013). Epistemic Governance in Higher Education. Quality Enhancement of Universities for Development. SpringerBriefs in Business. New York, NY: Springer (http://www.springer.com/business+%26+management/organization/book/978-1-4614-4417-6).

  • Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2006). Introduction and chapters summaries. In E. C. Carayannis & Campbell D. F. J. (Eds.), Knowledge creation, diffusion and use in innovation networks and knowledge clusters. A comparative system approach accross the United States, Europe and Asia (pp. ix–xxvi). Westport: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2009a). “Mode 3” and “Quadruple Helix”: Toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem. International Journal of Technology Management, 46(3/4), 201–234 (http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=27&year=2009&vol=46&issue=3/4 and http://www.inderscience.com/search/index.php?action=record&rec_id=23374&prevQuery=&ps=10&m=or).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2009b). Knowledge creation, diffusion and use in innovation networks and knowledge clusters : A comparative system approach accross the united States, Europe and Asia. Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2009c). Mode 3 and Quadruple Helix toward a 21 st century fractal innovation ecosystem. International Journal of Technology Management, 46(3), 201–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carayannis, E. G., Barth, T. D., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2012). The Quintuple Helix Innovation Model: Global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 1–12 (http://www.innovation-entrepreneurship.com/content/pdf/2192-5372-1-2.pdf).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2010). Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix and Quintuple Helix and how do knowledge, innovation and the environment relate to each other? A proposed framework for a trans-disciplinary analysis of sustainable development and social ecology. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, 1(1), 41–69 (http://www.igi-global.com/free-content/41959 and http://www.igi-global.com/article/triple-helix-quadruple-helix-quintuple/41959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2012). Mode 3 Knowledge Production in Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems. 21st-Century Democracy, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship for Development. SpringerBriefs in Business. New York, NY: Springer (http://www.springer.com/business+%26+management/book/978-1-4614-2061-3).

  • Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell D. F. J. (2014). Developed democracies versus emerging autocracies: Arts, democracy, and innovation in Quadruple Helix innovation systems. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 3, 12. (http://www.innovation-entrepreneurship.com/content/pdf/s13731-014-0012-2.pdf and http://www.innovation-entrepreneurship.com/content/3/1/12).

  • Danilda, I., M. Lindberg., & B-M. Torstensson. (2009). Women Resource Centres. A Quattro Helix Innovation System on the European Agenda. Paper (http://www.hss09.se/own_documents/Papers/3-11%20-%20Danilda%20Lindberg%20&%20Torstensson%20-%20paper.pdf)

  • D’Eichhorst, W., Profit, S., & Thode, E. (2001). Benchmarking deutschland: arbeitsmarkt und beschäftigung. Berlin: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • De Liso, N. (2006). Charles Babbage, technological change and the national system of innovation. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 162, 470–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easterly, W., & Rebelo, S. (1993). Fiscal policy and growth. Journal of monetary economics, 32, 417–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edquist, C., & Johnson, B. (1997). Institutions and Organizations in Systems of Innovation. In C. Edquist (Ed.), Systems of innovation: Technologies, institutions and organizations (pp. 41–63). London: Pinter Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edquist, C., & Hommen, L. (2009). Small country innovation systems: globalization, change and policy in Asia and Europe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edquist, C., & McKelvey, M. (2000). Systems of innovation: Growth, competitiveness and employment. Cheltenham/Northampton: Edward Elgar Publisher.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H. (2003). Innovation in innovation: the Triple Helix of university- industry-government relations. Social science information, 42(3), 293–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H., (1988). The second academic revolution: MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science. London: Gordon & Breach.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H., & Klofsten, M. (2005). The innovating region: toward a theory of knowledge-based regional development. R&D Management, 35(3), 243–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (Eds.). (1997). Universities in the global economy: A triple helix of university-industry-government relations. London: Cassell Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from national systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. Research Policy, 29(22), 109–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2009). The World in 2025. Rising Asia and socio-ecological transition. Brussels: European Commission (http://ec.europa.eu/research/social-sciences/pdf/the-world-in-2025-report_en.pdf).

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, G., Honkapohja, S., & Romer, P. (1998). Growth cycles. American Economic Review, 88(3), 495–515.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faulkner, W., & Senker, J. (1995). Knowledge frontiers: Public sector research and industrial innovation in biotechnology, engineering, ceramics and parallel computing. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer-Kowalski, M., & Haberl, H. (Eds.). (2007). Socioecological transitions and Global Change. Trajectories of Social Metabolism and Land Use. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, C. (1995). History, co-evolution and economic growth (Working Paper, pp. 95–76). Austria: IIASA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, C. (1999). Technical change and economic growth: The case of catch-up. In M. M. G. Fase, W. Kanning, & D. A. Walker (Eds.), Economics, welfare Policy and the history of economic thought: Essays in honour of Arnold Heertje. Cheltenham: Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, C. (2000). The national system of innovation in historical perspective. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 1995, 19, 5–24. (Reprinted in C. Edquist and M. McKelvey (Eds.), Systems of innovation: growth competitiveness and employment, 1, pp. 41–60).

    Google Scholar 

  • Furman, J. L., Porter, M. E., & Stern, S. (2002). The determinants of national innovative capacity. Research Policy, 31(6), 899–933.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Futagami, K., Morita, Y., & Shibata, A. (1993, December). Dynamic analysis of an endogenous growth model with public capital, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, 95 (4), pp. 607–625.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., & Trow, M. (1994). The new production of knowledge. The dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • GII. (2013). Global Innovation Index, The Local Dynamics of Innovation, MERIT, Cornell University, INSEAD and WIPO, site de mimeo (http://www.globalinnovationindex.org/content.aspx?page=GII-Home)

  • Groenewegen, J., & Van Der Steen, M. (2006). The evolution of national innovation systems. Journal of Economic Issues, 40(2), 277–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hemlin, S., Allwood, C. M., & Martin, B. R. (2004). Creative knowledge environments. The influences on creativity in research and innovation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irmen, A., & Kuehnel, J. (2009). Productive Government Expenditure and Economic Growth. Journal of Economic Surveys, 23(4), 692–733.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M. R., & Al-Ansari, M. (2005). Sustainable innovation as a corporate strategy. Intellectual assets. Dharan: Management, Saudi Aramco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kline, S. J., & Rosenberg, N. (1986). An overview of Innovation. In R. Landau & N. Rosenberg (Eds.), The positive Sum Strategy (pp. 275–305). Washington: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagendijk, A., & Charles, D. (1999). Clustering as a new growth strategy for regional economies? A discussion of new forms of regional industrial policy in the United Kingdom, in Boosting Innovation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, X., & White, S. (2001). Comparing innovation systems: A framework and application to China’s transitional context. Research Policy, 30, 1091–1114.

    Google Scholar 

  • The cluster approach. (2006–2010). In OECD, (Eds.), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (pp. 127–153). Paris. Le Japon dans son troisième “Science and Technology Basic Plan”.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leydesdorff, L., & Meyer, M. (2006, December). Triple Helix indicators of knowledge-based innovation systems: Introduction to the special issue. Research Policy. Elsevier, 35(10), p. 1441–1449.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leydesdorff, L. (2012). The Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix, and an N-Tuple of Helices: Explanatory models for analysing the knowledge-based economy? Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 3(1), 25–35 (http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13132-011-0049-4).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liljemark, T. (2004). Innovation policy in Canada: Strategy and Realities. Swedish Institute for Growth Policy Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundvall, B. A. (2006). One knowledge base or many knowledge pools? (DRUID Working Papers 06–08). Copenhagen Business School, Department of Industrial Economics and Strategy/Aalborg University, Department of Business Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundvall, B. A. (2007). National innovation systems, analytical concept and development tool. Industry and innovation, 14(1), 95–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lundvall, B. A., & Borrás, S. (2005). Science, technology, and innovation policy. In J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery, & R. R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of innovation (pp. 599–631). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor S. P., Marquès, P., Simon, A., Bikfalvi, A. and Llach, J. (2010a, July). CLIQboost, baseline research for CLIQ Interreg IVC. Documenta Universitaria, ISBN: 978–84–92707-34-8.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacGregor, S. P., Marques-Gou, P., & Simon-Villar, A. (2010b). Gauging readiness for the Quadruple Helix: A study of 16 European Organizations. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1(3), 173–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield, E. (1980). Basic research and productivity increase in manufacturing. American Economic Review, 70, 863–873.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield, E., Rapoport, J., Romeo, R., Wagner, W., & Beardsley, G. (1997). Social and private rates of return from industrial innovations. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 91(2), 221–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsuyama, K. (1995). Complementarities and cumulative processes in models of monopolistic competition. Journal of Economic Literature XXXIII, 33(2), 701–729.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, K. (1997). The learning region: Institutions, innovation and regional renewal. Regional Studies, 31(5), 491–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mowery, D. C., & Sampat, B. N. (2005). Universities in national innovation systems. In J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery, & R. R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford’ handbook of innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowotny, H., Peter, S., & Michael, G. (2001). Re-thinking science. Knowledge and the public in an age of uncertainty. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowotny, H., Peter, S., & Michael, G. (2003). Mode 2 revisited: The new production of knowledge. Minerva, 41, 179–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowotny, H., Peter, S., & Michael, G. (2006). Re-thinking science: Mode 2 in societal context, 39–51. In E. G. Carayannis & D. F. J. Campbell (Eds.), Knowledge creation, diffusion, and use in innovation networks and knowledge clusters. A comparative systems approach across the United States, Europe and Asia. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (1998). Human capital investment: An international comparison. Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2011). Tackling current account imbalances: Is there a role for structural policies? In Economic policy reforms 2011, “Going for growth”. Paris: OECD Publishing.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2012, January). The changing geography of innovation and economic growth and the impact of the Crisis. OECD Conference Centre, Paris, France. 19–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polanyi, M. (1962). The republic of science: Its political and economic theory. Minerva, 1, 54–74 (http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/students/envs_5100/polanyi_1967.pdf and http://fiesta.bren.ucsb.edu/~gsd/595e/docs/41.%20Polanyi_Republic_of_Science.pdf).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polt, W., Rammer, C., Gassler, H., Schibany, A., & Schartinger, D. (2001). Benchmarking industry-science relations – the role of framework conditions. (Research Project commissioned by the EU (DG Enterprise) and BMWA). Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M., & Stern, S. (2002). National innovative capacity (The global competitiveness report 2001–2002). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivera-Batiz, L., & Romer, P. (1991). Economic integration and endogenous growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 531–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romer, P. M. (1990a). Gouvernement spending in a simple model of endogenous growth, Romer, P. M. (1990a), Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), S71–S102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romer, P. M. (1990b). Human capital and growth: Theory and evidence. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 32, 251–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romer, P., & Nelson, R. R. (1996). Science, economic growth, and public policy. In B. L. R. Smith & C. E. Barfield (Eds.), Technology, R&D, and the economy. Washington, DC: Brookings.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romp, W., & Haan, J. (2007). Public capital and economic growth: A critical survey. Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, 8(Special Issue), 6–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shariff, N. (2006). Emergence and development of the national innovation systems concept. Research policy, 35, 745–766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sornn-Friese, H. (2000). Frontiers of research in industrial dynamics and national systems of innovation. Industry and Innovation, 7(1), 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teixeira, A. A. C. (2013). Evolution, roots and influence of the literature on National Systems of Innovation: A bibliometric account. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 37(6), 181–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, M. (2008). Complementarities and costly investment in a growth model. Journal of Economics, 94(3), 231–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yawson, R. M. (2009, June). The ecological system of innovation: A new architectural framework for a functional evidence-based platform for science and innovation policy, the future of innovation proceedings of the XXIV ISPIM 2009 Conference Vienna, Austria.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Systems and Technology Management, School of Business, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA

    Elias G. Carayannis PhD, MBA, BScEE, CPMMA

  2. Alpen-Adria-University of Klagenfurt, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Studies (iff), Institute of Science Communication and Higher Education Research (WIHO), Schottenfeldgasse 29, A-1070, Vienna, Austria

    David F. J. Campbell

  3. University of Applied Arts Vienna, Unit for Quality Enhancement (UQE), Oskar Kokoschka-Platz 2, A-1010, Vienna, Austria

    David F. J. Campbell

  4. Technical University of Crete, School of Production Engineering & Management, University Campus, Kounoupidiana, 73100, Chania, Greece

    Evangelos Grigoroudis

  5. P-BIO Portugal’s Biotechnology Industry Organization, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal

    Sara Paulina De Oliveira Monteiro

  6. European Banking Authority, London, UK

    Sara Paulina De Oliveira Monteiro

  7. Elixir-Europe.Org, Cambridgeshire, UK

    Sara Paulina De Oliveira Monteiro

  8. Católica Porto Business School, Porto, Portugal

    Sara Paulina De Oliveira Monteiro

Authors
  1. Elias G. Carayannis PhD, MBA, BScEE, CPMMA
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David F. J. Campbell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Evangelos Grigoroudis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sara Paulina De Oliveira Monteiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. P-BIO Portugal’s Biotechnology Industry Organization, Coimbra, Portugal

    Sara Paulina De Oliveira Monteiro

  2. Department of Information Systems and Technology Management, School of Business George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

    Elias G. Carayannis

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Carayannis, E.G., Campbell, D.F.J., Grigoroudis, E., De Oliveira Monteiro, S.P. (2017). Introduction. In: De Oliveira Monteiro, S., Carayannis, E. (eds) The Quadruple Innovation Helix Nexus. Palgrave Studies in Democracy, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship for Growth. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55577-9_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation