Abstract
Chapter 6 considers the allegations that hard rock and metal is sexist. Talking to British women fans reveals that in their experiences, hard rock and metal is less sexist than the ‘mainstream’. Using research on sexism across a range of fields, Hill argues that understanding what counts as sexism is complex and requires critical work by fans when sexism is normalised. Listening to what fans say about the context of their experiences within their broader lives is vital for better understanding. The author argues that the genre provides moments in which women fans may gain a feeling of genderlessness. Ultimately, however, the feeling of liberation only comes through assimilation into the culture, a culture that ignores women as much as possible. Nevertheless, that temporary feeling is a valuable one.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ang, Ien. 1985. Watching Dallas: Soap Opera and the Melodramatic Imagination. London: Methuen.
Barron, Lee. 2013. Dworkin’s Nightmare: Porngrind as the Sound of Feminist Fears. In Heavy Metal: Controversies and Countercultures, eds. Titus Hjelm, Keith Kahn-Harris, and Mark Levine, 66–82. Sheffield: Equinox.
Baym, Nancy K. 1999. Tune in, Log on: Soaps, Fandom, and On-line Community. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Bayton, Mavis. 1998. Frock Rock: Women Performing Popular Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Brill, Dunja. 2008. Goth Culture: Gender, Sexuality and Style. Oxford: Berg.
Brown, Andy R. 2009. ‘Girls Like Metal, Too!’: Female Reader’s Engagement with the Masculinist Ethos of the Tabloid Metal Magazine. Heavy Metal and Gender International Congress, Cologne University of Music and Dance, 10 October.
Budgeon, Shelley. 2015. Individualized Femininity and Feminist Politics of Choice. European Journal of Women’s Studies 22(3): 303–318.
Clifford-Napoleone, Amber. 2015b. Queerness in Heavy Metal Music: Metal Bent. Abingdon: Routledge.
Coates, Norma. 1997. (R)evolution Now? Rock and the Political Potential of Gender. In Sexing the Groove: Popular Music and Gender, ed. Sheila Whiteley, 50–64. Abingdon: Routledge.
Griffin, Naomi. 2012. Gendered Performance Performing Gender in the DIY Punk and Hardcore Music Scene. Journal of International Women’s Studies 13(2): 66–81.
Halberstam, Judith. 2012. Female Masculinity. London: Duke University Press. Hansen, Christine Hall, and Ranald D. Hansen. 1991. Constructing Personality and Social Reality Through Music: Individual Differences Among Fans of Punk and Heavy Metal Music. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 35(3): 335–350.
Hermes, Will. 2001. Don’t Mess with Mother Nature. Spin Magazine, October.
Kahn-Harris, Keith. 2007. Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge. Oxford: Berg.
Krenske, Leigh, and Jim McKay. 2000. ‘Hard and Heavy’: Gender and Power in a Heavy Metal Music Subculture. Gender, Place & Culture 7(3): 287–304.
Lawrence, Janet S. St, and Doris J. Joyner. 1991. The Effects of Sexually Violent Rock Music on Males’ Acceptance of Violence Against Women. Psychology of Women Quarterly 15(1): 49–63.
Leblanc, Lauraine. 1999. Pretty in Punk: Girls’ Gender Resistance in a Boys’ Subculture. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Mills, Sara. 2003. Caught Between Sexism, Anti-sexism and ‘Political Correctness’: Feminist Women’s Negotiations with Naming Practices. Discourse & Society 14(1): 87–110.
Mittel, Jason. 2004. Genre and Television: From Cop Shows to Cartoons in American Culture. London: Routledge.
Mooney, Annabelle. 2008. Boys will be Boys. Feminist Media Studies 8(3): 247–265.
National Union of Students, Alison Phipps, and Isabel Young. 2012. That’s What She Said: Women Students’ Experiences of ‘Lad Culture’ in Higher Education. Accessed 4 January 2016. http://www.nus.org.uk/Global/Campaigns/That's%20what%20she%20said%20full%20report%20Final%20web.pdf
Nordström, Susanna, and Marcus Herz. 2013. ‘It’s a Matter of Eating or Being Eaten.’ Gender Positioning and Difference Making in the Heavy Metal Subculture. European Journal of Cultural Studies 16(4): 453–467.
Overell, Rosemary. 2010. Brutal Belonging in Melbourne’s Grindcore Scene. Studies in Symbolic Interaction 35: 79–99.
Paechter, Carrie. 2006. Masculine Femininities/Feminine Masculinities: Power, Identities and Gender. Gender and Education 18(3): 253–263.
Parsons, Katie. 2008. Get Over It! Kerrang!, 24 May, 30–31.
Patterson, Jamie. 2011. When Jane Likes Cannibal Corpse: Empowerment, Resistance, and Identity Construction Among Women in Death Metal. Home of Metal Conference: Heavy Metal and Place, Wolverhampton, UK, 1–4 September.
Patterson, Jamie. 2016. ‘Getting My Soul Back’: Empowerment Narratives and Identities Among Women in Extreme Metal in North Carolina. In Global Metal Music and Culture: Current Directions in Metal Studies, edited by Andy R. Brown, Karl Spracklen, Keith Kahn-Harris and Niall W. R. Scott, 245-260. London: Routledge.
Phipps, Alison, and Isabel Young. 2015. Neoliberalisation and ‘Lad Cultures’ in Higher Education. Sociology 49(2): 305–322.
Powell, Abigail, and Katherine J. C. Sang. 2015. Everyday Experiences of Sexism in Male-dominated Professions: A Bourdieusian Perspective. Sociology 49(5): 919–936.
Reay, Diane. 2001. ‘Spice Girls’,‘Nice Girls’,‘Girlies’, and ‘Tomboys’: Gender discourses, girls’ cultures and femininities in the primary classroom. Gender and Education 13 (2):153-166.
Reiner, Rob. 1984. This is Spinal Tap. Embassy Pictures.
Resh Giwa. 2008. Letter to the Editor. Kerrang!, 7 June.
Riches, Gabrielle. 2011. Embracing the Chaos: Mosh Pits, Extreme Metal Music and Liminality. Journal for Cultural Research 15(3): 315–332.
———. 2015. Re-conceptualizing Women’s Marginalization in Heavy Metal: A Feminist Post-structuralist Perspective. Metal Music Studies 1(2): 263–270.
Riches, Gabrielle, Brett Lashua, and Karl Spracklen. 2014. Female, Mosher, Transgressor: A ‘Moshography’ of Transgressive Practices within the Leeds Extreme Metal Scene. IASPM@ Journal 4(1): 87–100.
Rosenbaum, Jill Leslie, and Lorraine Prinsky. 1991. The presumption of influence: recent responses to popular music subcultures. Crime and Delinquency 37 (4):528-535.
Savigny, Heather, and Sam Sleight. 2015. Postfeminism and Heavy Metal in the United Kingdom: Sexy or Sexist? Metal Music Studies 1(3): 341–357.
Schippers, Mimi. 2002. Rockin’ Out of the Box: Gender Maneuvering in Alternative Hard Rock. London: Rutgers University Press.
Shadrack, Jasmine. 2014. Femme-liminale: Corporeal Performativity in Death Metal. Metal and Marginalisation: Gender, Race, Class and Other Implications for Hard Rock and Metal Symposim, York, UK, 11 April.
Skeggs, Beverley. 1997. Formations of Class & Gender: Becoming Respectable. London: Sage.
Spracklen, Karl. 2015. ‘To Holmgard … and Beyond’: Folk Metal Fantasies and Hegemonic White Masculinities. Metal Music Studies 1(3): 359–377.
Thornton, Sarah. 1995. Club Cultures: Music, Media and Subcultural Capital. Cambridge: Polity.
Tuchman, Gaye. 1978. The Symbolic Annihilation of Women. In Hearth and Home: Images of Women in the Mass Media, eds. Gaye Tuchman, Arlene Kaplan Daniels, James Walker Benét, and Foundation National Science, 3–38. New York: Oxford University.
Valentine, Gill, Lucy Jackson, and Lucy Mayblin. 2014. Ways of Seeing: Sexism the Forgotten Prejudice? Gender, Place & Culture 21(4): 401–414.
Vasan, Sonia. 2010. ‘Den Mothers and Band Whores’: Gender, Sex and Power in the Death Metal Scene. In Heavy Fundametalisms: Music, Metal and Politics, eds. Rosemary Lucy Hill, and Karl Spracklen, 69–78. Oxford: Inter-Disciplinary Press.
———. 2011. The Price of Rebellion: Gender Boundaries in the Death Metal Scene. Journal for Cultural Research 15(3): 333–349.
Walser, Robert. 1993. Running with the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music. Hannover, NH: University Press of New England.
Weinstein, Deena. 2000 [1991]. Heavy Metal: The Music and Its Culture. Rev. ed. Boulder, CO: Da Capo Press.
Winwood, Ian. 2007. Hell Hath No Fury. Kerrang!, 29 September, 22–26.
Wittig, Monique. 1992. The Straight Mind and Other Essays. Boston: Beacon Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hill, R.L. (2016). Metal and Sexism. In: Gender, Metal and the Media. Pop Music, Culture and Identity. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55441-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55441-3_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-55440-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-55441-3
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)